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Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Quantification of Neurovascular Protection Following Repetitive Hypoxic Preconditioning and Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mice

Quantification of Neurovascular Protection Following Repetitive Hypoxic Preconditioning and Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mice

Published on: May 4, 2015

Targeting the ischemic penumbra.

Pedro Ramos-Cabrer¹, Francisco Campos, Tomás Sobrino

¹Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.

|December 18, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The concept of ischemic penumbra has evolved beyond its initial hemodynamic and electrophysiological definition. It is now a broader metabolic-cellular-therapeutic target, expanding treatment possibilities in acute stroke management.

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Optimization of the Longa Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Method for Complete Reperfusion

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Published on: November 22, 2024

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Quantification of Neurovascular Protection Following Repetitive Hypoxic Preconditioning and Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mice

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Optimization of the Longa Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Method for Complete Reperfusion

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Published on: November 22, 2024

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cerebrovascular Medicine

Background:

The classical definition of ischemic penumbra, based on hemodynamic and electrophysiological parameters, has historically dictated rigid therapeutic windows in acute stroke.
Over the past three decades, this concept has evolved significantly, offering new perspectives in stroke management.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the evolution of the ischemic penumbra concept.
To highlight its transition from a purely physiological definition to a comprehensive metabolic-cellular-therapeutic target.

Main Methods:

Literature review of the evolving concept of ischemic penumbra.
Analysis of its changing role in acute stroke management.

Main Results:

The ischemic penumbra is now recognized as a diagnostic target, enabling the extension of therapeutic windows.
It is also a biochemical target, characterized by intermittent bioenergetic compromise.
The concept now encompasses targets for brain plasticity, neuroprotection, and neurorepair.

Conclusions:

The understanding of ischemic penumbra has broadened considerably over 30 years.
This evolution has led to wider applications in stroke diagnosis, treatment, and recovery strategies.