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Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
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Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis

Tachyphylaxis is described as a rapid decrease in response to a drug after repeated or continuous administration of the same drug dose. It is a phenomenon where the body becomes less responsive to a particular substance or intervention over time, requiring higher doses or stronger interventions to achieve the same effect. It results from adaptive changes in the body's receptors, signaling pathways, or physiological processes that occur in response to prolonged exposure to a stimulus.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Implementation of In Vitro Drug Resistance Assays: Maximizing the Potential for Uncovering Clinically Relevant Resistance Mechanisms
08:46

Implementation of In Vitro Drug Resistance Assays: Maximizing the Potential for Uncovering Clinically Relevant Resistance Mechanisms

Published on: December 9, 2015

Glucocorticoid resistance.

E F C van Rossum, E L T van den Akker

    Endocrine Development
    |December 18, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Glucocorticoid (GC) receptor sensitivity varies due to genetic factors and disease states. Genetic variations influence GC resistance and hypersensitivity, impacting clinical phenotypes.

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    Published on: September 21, 2011

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    Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

    Implementation of In Vitro Drug Resistance Assays: Maximizing the Potential for Uncovering Clinically Relevant Resistance Mechanisms
    08:46

    Implementation of In Vitro Drug Resistance Assays: Maximizing the Potential for Uncovering Clinically Relevant Resistance Mechanisms

    Published on: December 9, 2015

    Biochemical Reconstitution of Steroid Receptor•Hsp90 Protein Complexes and Reactivation of Ligand Binding
    11:07

    Biochemical Reconstitution of Steroid Receptor•Hsp90 Protein Complexes and Reactivation of Ligand Binding

    Published on: September 21, 2011

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Genetics
    • Molecular Biology

    Background:

    • Glucocorticoid (GC) receptor sensitivity exhibits significant interindividual variation.
    • Changes in GC sensitivity occur in hereditary syndromes, during disease states, and due to genetic polymorphisms.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To categorize the different types of changes in GC receptor sensitivity.
    • To explore the genetic underpinnings of GC sensitivity variations.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on GC receptor sensitivity.
    • Analysis of genetic variants (SNPs) associated with GC receptor function.

    Main Results:

    • Identified three categories of GC receptor sensitivity changes: generalized resistance, transient tissue-level changes, and population-level interindividual variation.
    • Described four specific genetic variants: rs6198 and rs6189/6190 linked to GC resistance, and rs1695 and rs41423247 linked to GC hypersensitivity.

    Conclusions:

    • Genetic variations in the GC receptor gene significantly contribute to differences in GC sensitivity.
    • Understanding these variations is crucial for comprehending various clinical phenotypes and diseases.