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Related Concept Videos

Dialysis01:27

Dialysis

Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...
Dialysis01:15

Dialysis

Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...
Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis01:30

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or those experiencing drug overdose often require extracorporeal methods to eliminate accumulated drugs and metabolites. Hemoperfusion, hemofiltration, and dialysis are the primary techniques to rapidly remove harmful substances without disrupting the patient's fluid and electrolyte balance. For those with compromised renal function, dosage adjustments of concurrent medications may be necessary during extracorporeal drug removal.Dialysis is a process...
Peritoneal Dialysis I: Introduction and Procedure01:30

Peritoneal Dialysis I: Introduction and Procedure

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a procedure that facilitates the exchange of solutes, waste products, electrolytes, and excess fluid between the blood in the peritoneal capillaries and a dialysis solution introduced into the peritoneal cavity.Principles of Peritoneal Dialysis (PD)Diffusion: Waste products such as urea and electrolytes move from high concentrations in the blood to low concentrations in the dialysate across the peritoneal membrane. This mechanism is driven by the concentration...
Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood01:19

Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood

Carbon dioxide (CO2) transport in the blood is critical to human physiology. On average, our body cells produce around 200 mL of CO2 per minute, precisely the quantity expelled by the lungs. This process involves the transportation of CO2 from the tissue cells to the lungs in three primary forms.
Forms of CO2 Transport
1. Dissolved in plasma: A small percentage (7-10%) of CO2 is transported and dissolved directly in the plasma.
2. Carbaminohemoglobin: Just over 20% of CO2 is chemically bound to...
Acute Respiratory Failure-V01:29

Acute Respiratory Failure-V

The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...

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Establishment of a Novel Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion System for Rat Lungs After Circulatory Death
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Establishment of a Novel Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion System for Rat Lungs After Circulatory Death

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Carbon dioxide dialysis will save the lung.

Antonio Pesenti1, Nicolò Patroniti, Roberto Fumagalli

  • 1Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy. antonio.pesenti@unimib.it

Critical Care Medicine
|December 18, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal can reduce the need for mechanical ventilation, potentially preventing lung injury. This approach allows spontaneous breathing and decreases sedation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

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Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Respiratory Physiology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Mechanical ventilation, while life-saving, can cause ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI).
  • Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) often have high ventilatory requirements, increasing VALI risk.
  • Extracorporeal gas exchange is typically a rescue therapy for severe hypoxemia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) as a method to control ventilatory needs in ARDS.
  • To explore ECCO2R's potential to facilitate spontaneous breathing and avoid intubation.
  • To investigate ECCO2R's role in reducing sedation requirements and preventing VALI.

Main Methods:

  • Review of mechanisms of increased ventilatory needs and lung injury in ARDS.
  • Proposal of ECCO2R as a primary ventilatory support strategy.
  • Discussion of achieving high CO2 removal efficiency using hemofiltration and metabolizable acid loads.

Main Results:

  • ECCO2R can potentially manage blood gas homeostasis with invasiveness similar to hemodialysis.
  • Efficient CO2 removal may allow patients to maintain spontaneous breathing.
  • This approach could decrease the need for mechanical ventilation and associated sedation.

Conclusions:

  • ECCO2R offers a promising strategy to mitigate ventilator-associated lung injury.
  • Controlling ventilatory needs via ECCO2R may enable less invasive patient management.
  • Further research into ECCO2R devices and protocols is warranted for ARDS treatment.