Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention

Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention

Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Joint analysis of longitudinal and recurrent event data: A functional regression approach with autoregressive frailty.

Statistical methods in medical research·2026

Same author

Bone Disease in Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis: Connections, Mechanisms, and Care Gaps.

Chest·2026

Same author

The Role of Altered Mineral Metabolism in Kidney Stone Disease: Is Vitamin D the Key?

American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation·2026

Same author

Nephrocheck for Prediction of In-Hospital Acute Kidney Injury and Major Adverse Kidney Events After Cardiac Surgery.

Anesthesia and analgesia·2026

Same author

Calcium Phosphate Nephrolithiasis: A Comprehensive Review.

Kidney medicine·2026

Same author

Prevention of urinary stones with hydration: a randomised clinical trial of an adherence intervention.

Lancet (London, England)·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis

Published on: February 9, 2021

Nephrolithiasis in topiramate users.

Naim M Maalouf¹, Joshua P Langston, Paul C Van Ness

¹Department of Internal Medicine, Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism & Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-8885, USA. Naim.Maalouf@utsouthwestern.edu

Urological Research

|December 18, 2010

Summary

Topiramate use increases the risk of kidney stones (nephrolithiasis) due to changes in urine composition. This study found a higher prevalence of symptomatic and asymptomatic kidney stones in patients taking topiramate.

More Related Videos

A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy

A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy

Published on: September 13, 2022

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Published on: May 30, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis

Published on: February 9, 2021

A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy

A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy

Published on: September 13, 2022

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Published on: May 30, 2025

Area of Science:

Nephrology
Neurology
Pharmacology

Background:

Topiramate is a neuromodulatory drug with expanding therapeutic uses.
Patients on topiramate are susceptible to nephrolithiasis from hypocitraturia and elevated urine pH.
The actual incidence of symptomatic kidney stones in topiramate users is often underestimated.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the prevalence of symptomatic nephrolithiasis via patient history.
To evaluate the prevalence of asymptomatic nephrolithiasis using computed tomography (CT) scans.
To assess the overall prevalence of kidney stones in patients undergoing long-term topiramate treatment.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of topiramate users from a neurological patient database.
Assessment of symptomatic nephrolithiasis through medical history.
Utilized CT scans to detect asymptomatic nephrolithiasis in a subset of patients.
Analyzed data from 75 adult patients with a median topiramate dose of 300 mg and 48 months of treatment.

Main Results:

Symptomatic nephrolithiasis was present in 10.7% of topiramate-treated patients.
Asymptomatic nephrolithiasis was detected by CT scan in 20% of patients without a prior history of stones.
The prevalence of symptomatic nephrolithiasis in long-term users exceeds previous short-term study reports.

Conclusions:

Long-term topiramate use is associated with a significant prevalence of both symptomatic and asymptomatic nephrolithiasis.
Clinical underestimation of kidney stone prevalence in topiramate users is attributed to a high rate of asymptomatic cases.
Enhanced vigilance and diagnostic imaging are warranted for topiramate patients at risk for nephrolithiasis.