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Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

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Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle01:20

Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle

Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...
Synthetic Biology02:55

Synthetic Biology

Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
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Viral Structure

Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages01:30

Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages

Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the lytic replication...

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Simple and Robust in vivo and in vitro Approach for Studying Virus Assembly
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Published on: March 1, 2012

Self-assembling viral mimetics: one long journey with short steps.

Baptiste Lamarre1, Maxim G Ryadnov

  • 1National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, TW110LW, UK.

Macromolecular Bioscience
|December 18, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Developing artificial viruses through self-assembly offers a promising solution for gene therapy delivery. This nanotechnology approach aims to overcome the safety and efficiency challenges of current gene therapy vectors for improved health and longevity.

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Engineering and Evolution of Synthetic Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Gene Therapy Vectors via DNA Family Shuffling
21:55

Engineering and Evolution of Synthetic Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Gene Therapy Vectors via DNA Family Shuffling

Published on: April 2, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Nanotechnology offers solutions to economic challenges, including health and longevity.
  • Gene therapy holds promise for treating genetic disorders but faces delivery vector limitations.
  • Current viral vectors raise safety concerns, while synthetic vectors lack structural integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the development of artificial viruses as ideal gene therapy vectors.
  • To mimic viral self-assembly mechanisms for creating safe and efficient delivery systems.
  • To address the limitations of existing gene therapy delivery methods.

Main Methods:

  • Translating viral architecture principles into functional nanoscale devices.
  • Utilizing self-assembly mechanisms for reproducible vector construction.
  • Designing artificial viruses that mimic natural viral transfection capabilities.

Main Results:

  • Artificial viruses represent a potential compromise between viral and synthetic vectors.
  • Self-assembly offers a strategy for creating structurally sound and functional gene delivery vehicles.
  • Early-stage development shows promise for artificial virus technology.

Conclusions:

  • Artificial viruses engineered via self-assembly are a promising avenue for advancing gene therapy.
  • This nanotechnology approach could overcome current delivery vector challenges, enhancing treatment efficacy.
  • The development of artificial viruses is crucial for future advancements in human health and longevity.