Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 5, 2026

A Modified Trier Social Stress Test for Vulnerable Mexican American Adolescents
Published on: July 10, 2017
Negative school perceptions and involvement in school bullying: a universal relationship across 40 countries
Yossi Harel-Fisch1, Sophie D Walsh, Haya Fogel-Grinvald
1The International Research Program on Adolescent Well-Being and Health, School of Education, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
Abstract:
Cross-national analyses explore the consistency of the relationship between negative school experiences and involvement in bullying across 40 European and North American countries, using the 2006 (40 countries n = 197,502) and 2002 (12 countries, n = 57,007) WHO-HBSC surveys. Measures include two Cumulative Negative School Perception (CNSP) scales, one based on 6 mandatory items (2006) and another including an additional 11 items (2002). Outcome measures included bullying perpetration, victimization and involvement as both bully and victim. Logistic regression analyses suggested that children with only 2-3 negative school perceptions, experience twice the relative odds of being involved in bullying as compared with children with no negative school perceptions. Odds Ratios (p < 0.001) increase in a graded fashion according to the CNSP, from about 2.2 to over 8.0. Similar consistent effects are found across gender and almost all countries. Further research should focus on the mechanisms and social context of these relationships.
Related Concept Videos
Bullying
Social Foundations of Self II: The Generalized Other
Conduct Disorder
Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
Dark Triad and Person Perception
Fundamental Attribution Error