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Related Concept Videos

Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase
09:25

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase

Published on: July 14, 2011

Telomerase structure function.

Mark Mason1, Anthony Schuller, Emmanuel Skordalakes

  • 1The Wistar Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Current Opinion in Structural Biology
|December 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Telomeres cap chromosome ends, preventing damage. Recent structural studies of telomerase reveal its replication mechanism, offering insights for cancer therapies and understanding aging.

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

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Published on: July 14, 2011

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Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein
08:26

Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein

Published on: June 12, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Telomeres are protective caps at chromosome ends, crucial for genomic stability.
  • Telomerase is the enzyme responsible for telomere maintenance and replication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent high-resolution structural data of telomerase.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of telomere replication and length homeostasis.
  • To provide a framework for designing telomerase inhibitors.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution structural analysis of telomerase domains and full-length catalytic subunit.
  • Integration of structural data with existing biochemical evidence.
  • Review of recent publications on telomerase structure and function.

Main Results:

  • Novel insights into the mechanism of telomere replication by telomerase.
  • Enhanced understanding of telomere length homeostasis.
  • Structural framework for developing small molecule telomerase inhibitors.

Conclusions:

  • Structural studies provide a deeper understanding of telomerase function.
  • These findings can inform therapeutic strategies for cancer and aging-related diseases.
  • The research enriches general knowledge of DNA replication by polymerases.