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Related Concept Videos

Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
Modern Molecular Taxonomy01:29

Modern Molecular Taxonomy

Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
Evolution of Microbial Genome01:08

Evolution of Microbial Genome

Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.
Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
Challenges of the Maxam-Gilbert Method
The...

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Metagenomic Analysis of Silage
08:43

Metagenomic Analysis of Silage

Published on: January 13, 2017

Metagenomic analyses: past and future trends.

Carola Simon1, Rolf Daniel

  • 1Abteilung Genomische und Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, Georg-August-Universität, Grisebachstr. 8, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology
|December 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Metagenomics enables studying microbes without cultivation, revealing vast microbial diversity and functions in diverse environments. Combining DNA, RNA, and protein analyses offers a comprehensive understanding of microbial communities and their ecological roles.

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Metagenomic Analysis of Silage
08:43

Metagenomic Analysis of Silage

Published on: January 13, 2017

Microbial Communities in Nature and Laboratory - Interview
29:13

Microbial Communities in Nature and Laboratory - Interview

Published on: May 28, 2007

Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations
08:03

Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations

Published on: December 7, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Environmental Science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Metagenomics allows cultivation-independent study of microbial communities in complex ecosystems.
  • It is a powerful tool for discovering novel enzymes and drugs from environmental DNA libraries.
  • Exploration has expanded from temperate to extreme environments for novel biocatalysts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the revolution in microbiology brought by metagenomics.
  • To emphasize the discovery of novel enzymes and drugs.
  • To showcase the integration of multi-omics approaches for a holistic understanding of microbial communities.

Main Methods:

  • Construction and screening of metagenomic DNA libraries.
  • Application of next-generation sequencing for large-scale data generation.
  • Integration of metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and metaproteomics.

Main Results:

  • Metagenomic data analysis revealed extensive taxonomic and functional diversity in various environments.
  • Extreme environments are emerging as rich sources of novel biocatalysts.
  • Multi-omics approaches provide insights into microbial community composition, function, and interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Metagenomics, particularly with next-generation sequencing, has transformed microbial ecology.
  • Combining DNA, mRNA, and protein analyses provides a comprehensive view of microbial communities.
  • This integrated approach links microbial activities to environmental processes effectively.