Oxidized cellulose binding to allergens with a carbohydrate-binding module attenuates allergic reactions

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Biomaterials Science
• Respiratory Medicine

Background:

• Grass and dust mite allergens are primary triggers for allergies and asthma.
• A conserved carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) in these allergens is implicated in IgE binding and allergic responses.
• Structural similarities between mite allergens and expansin's CBM suggest carbohydrate-binding capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify a polysaccharide with significant allergen-binding capacity.
• To evaluate the potential of carbohydrate-based interventions for allergy prevention and treatment.
• To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of oxidized cellulose (OC) for allergic airway inflammation.

Main Methods:

• Screening of various polysaccharides for allergen-binding affinity.
• In vivo assessment of OC microparticle inhalant efficacy in rodent models of allergic lung inflammation (rye grass and OVA sensitization).
• Biodistribution and toxicity studies of OC following inhalation administration.

Main Results:

• Oxidized cellulose (OC) exhibited superior binding capacity for grass and mite allergens compared to other tested polysaccharides.
• Inhalant OC microparticles significantly reduced allergic lung inflammation in sensitized rats and mice.
• OC demonstrated efficient clearance from airways and organs, with no observed toxicity during long-term administration.

Conclusions:

• The common CBM motif in allergens like grass and dust mite allergens can be targeted by oxidized cellulose.
• OC shows strong, specific binding to CBM-containing allergens, supporting its therapeutic potential.
• OC's efficacy in attenuating allergic inflammation and its safety profile establish it as a promising alternative treatment for allergy and asthma management.