Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.

General Anesthesia: Overview

General Anesthesia: Overview

Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Scalable Ionogel-Based Thermochromic Smart Windows: Enhanced Solar Regulation, Weatherability, and Processability.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026

Same author

Dynamic evaporative and radiative cooling for efficient year-round energy savings.

Science advances·2026

Same author

Retraction notice for "MicroRNA-133b-5p Is Involved in Cardioprotection of Morphine Preconditioning in Rat Cardiomyocytes by Targeting Fas" [Canadian Journal of Cardiology, Volume 32, Issue 8, August 2016, Pages 996-1007. doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2015.10.019].

The Canadian journal of cardiology·2026

Same author

AI-based wearable system for fall risk prediction in older adults using sEMG and plantar pressure data.

Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology·2026

Same author

Teaching Neuraxial Ultrasonography with a Virtual Reality Simulator of Spine: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Chinese medical sciences journal = Chung-kuo i hsueh k'o hsueh tsa chih·2026

Same author

Remote-Controlled Microfluidic Platform for Real-Time Detection of Multiple Mycotoxins on Chip.

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers

Published on: January 13, 2018

Recent advances in using propofol by non-anesthesiologists.

Gang Tan, Michael G Irwin

F1000 Medicine Reports

|December 21, 2010

Summary

Non-anesthesiologist-administered propofol (NAAP) sedation is as safe and effective as traditional methods. Key safety measures include patient selection, staff training, monitoring, and specific protocols for optimal outcomes.

Area of Science:

Anesthesiology
Sedation Management

Background:

Non-anesthesiologist-administered propofol (NAAP) is increasingly used for procedural sedation.
Comparative safety and efficacy data with traditional agents are essential.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the safety and efficacy profile of non-anesthesiologist-administered propofol (NAAP) sedation.
To review current guidelines and technological advancements for enhancing NAAP safety.

Main Methods:

Review of accumulating evidence on NAAP sedation.
Analysis of current guidelines emphasizing patient selection, staff training, and monitoring.
Consideration of technological aids like capnography and computer-assisted systems.

Main Results:

More Related Videos

Optogenetic Activation of Afferent Pathways in Brain Slices and Modulation of Responses by Volatile Anesthetics

Optogenetic Activation of Afferent Pathways in Brain Slices and Modulation of Responses by Volatile Anesthetics

Published on: July 23, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers

Published on: January 13, 2018

Optogenetic Activation of Afferent Pathways in Brain Slices and Modulation of Responses by Volatile Anesthetics

Optogenetic Activation of Afferent Pathways in Brain Slices and Modulation of Responses by Volatile Anesthetics

Published on: July 23, 2020

NAAP sedation demonstrates a safety and efficacy profile comparable or superior to benzodiazepines with or without opioids.
Current guidelines highlight critical factors for safe NAAP administration.
Capnography and computer-assisted sedation may offer additional safety benefits.

Conclusions:

Non-anesthesiologist-administered propofol (NAAP) is a safe and effective sedation option.
Adherence to established guidelines and utilization of advanced monitoring can optimize patient safety during NAAP.