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Related Concept Videos

Upsampling01:22

Upsampling

Managing signal sampling rates is essential in digital signal processing to maintain signal integrity. A decimated signal, characterized by a reduced frequency range due to its lower sampling rate, can be upsampled by inserting zeros between each sample. This upsampling process expands the original spectrum and introduces repeated spectral replicas at intervals dictated by the new Nyquist frequency. To refine this zero-inserted sequence, it is passed through a lowpass filter with a cutoff...
Forced Transdifferentiation01:28

Forced Transdifferentiation

Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
Artificial transdifferentiation occurs...
Transformers with Off-Nominal Turns Ratios01:25

Transformers with Off-Nominal Turns Ratios

In scenarios involving parallel transformers with disparate ratings, developing per-unit models requires accommodating off-nominal turns ratios. This situation arises when the selected base voltages are not proportional to the transformer’s voltage ratings. Consider a transformer where the rated voltages are related by the term a. If the chosen voltage bases satisfy a relationship involving term b, term c is defined as the ratio of these bases. This ratio is then substituted into the rated...
Transformation01:26

Transformation

Microbial communities are dynamic environments where cell lysis releases free DNA into the surroundings. Other cells can take up this extracellular DNA through a process known as transformation.When a cell incorporates this foreign DNA into its genome, resulting in genetic modification, the process is known as transformation. Cells capable of this process are termed competent. Competence can be natural, as observed in certain bacteria and archaea, or artificially induced in the...
Downsampling01:20

Downsampling

When considering a sampled sequence with zero values between sampling instants, one can replace it by taking every N-th value of the sequence. At these integer multiples of N, the original and sampled sequences coincide. This process, known as decimation, involves extracting every N-th sample from a sequence, thereby creating a more efficient sequence.
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Transformations in mathematics alter the position or orientation of a function’s graph while preserving its fundamental shape. One important type of transformation is the horizontal shift, which involves modifying the input variable within a function’s equation. This operation affects where outputs occur along the horizontal axis but does not alter the function’s overall structure.A horizontal shift is achieved by replacing the input variable x with either x + c or x - c, where c is a constant.

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Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Non-Invasive Modulation and Robotic Mapping of Motor Cortex in the Developing Brain
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Non-Invasive Modulation and Robotic Mapping of Motor Cortex in the Developing Brain

Published on: July 1, 2019

Rate remapping: when the code goes beyond space.

David Dupret1, Barty Pleydell-Bouverie, Jozsef Csicsvari

  • 1MRC Anatomical Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK.

Neuron
|December 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hippocampal place cells use rate remapping to combine spatial and nonspatial information. A new model explains this by the convergence of entorhinal inputs and local inhibition in the hippocampus.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Hippocampal place cells are crucial for spatial navigation and memory.
  • Rate remapping is a proposed mechanism for encoding complex information beyond spatial location.

Discussion:

  • Rennó-Costa et al. present a theoretical model for hippocampal rate remapping.
  • The model integrates medial and lateral entorhinal cortex inputs with local inhibitory circuits.

Key Insights:

  • Convergence of excitatory inputs from the medial and lateral entorhinal cortex is key.
  • Local inhibition within the hippocampus plays a critical role in shaping rate remapping.

Outlook:

  • This model provides a framework for understanding how the hippocampus processes conjunctive information.
  • Further experimental validation is needed to confirm the model's predictions regarding neural coding.