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Related Concept Videos

Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...
Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Neurotransmitters01:29

Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Neurotransmitters

When an action potential reaches the presynaptic axon terminal, it releases neurotransmitters from the neuron into the synaptic cleft at a chemical synapse. The released neurotransmitter can be excitatory or inhibitory. The critical criteria commonly used to determine whether a molecule is a neurotransmitter at a chemical synapse are the molecule's presence in the presynaptic neuron. Second, its release is in response to strong presynaptic depolarization. And lastly, the presence of specific...
Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...

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3D Modeling of Dendritic Spines with Synaptic Plasticity
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Local presynaptic activity gates homeostatic changes in presynaptic function driven by dendritic BDNF synthesis.

Sonya K Jakawich1, Hassan B Nasser, Michael J Strong

  • 1Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

Neuron
|December 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Local presynaptic activity controls homeostatic plasticity by gating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) release. This activity-dependent mechanism ensures compensatory synaptic changes are precisely implemented at active synapses.

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

3D Modeling of Dendritic Spines with Synaptic Plasticity
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Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
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Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

Published on: September 20, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Synaptic Plasticity
  • Cellular Neuroscience

Background:

  • Homeostatic synaptic plasticity stabilizes neuronal function.
  • Distinct neuronal activity patterns influence compensatory synaptic changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate how local presynaptic activity modulates homeostatic plasticity.
  • Elucidate the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in this process.

Main Methods:

  • Cultured hippocampal neurons were used.
  • AMPA receptor (AMPAR) blockade was induced.
  • Presynaptic and postsynaptic function changes were measured.
  • BDNF signaling was analyzed.

Main Results:

  • AMPA receptor blockade induced rapid, protein synthesis-dependent increases in synaptic function.
  • Presynaptic, but not postsynaptic, changes required coincident local presynaptic activity.
  • Postsynaptic release of BDNF acted as a retrograde messenger.
  • Local dendritic synthesis of BDNF was triggered by AMPA receptor blockade.

Conclusions:

  • Local presynaptic activity gates retrograde homeostatic plasticity.
  • This gating mechanism involves activity-dependent BDNF release.
  • Synaptic plasticity implementation is dictated by local presynaptic-postsynaptic crosstalk.