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Related Concept Videos

The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes02:45

The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes

In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.  
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female Drosophila...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Application of Two-spotted Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae for Plant-pest Interaction Studies
08:53

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Published on: July 4, 2014

Sex allocation: size matters for red spider mites.

Duncan E Jackson1, Stephen J Martin

  • 1Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK. drdejackson@yahoo.co.uk

Current Biology : CB
|December 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Spider mites control offspring sex by egg size. Larger eggs become females, while smaller eggs develop into males, reflecting parental investment strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Animal behavior
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Parental investment theory suggests animals adjust offspring traits based on resource availability.
  • Sex determination mechanisms vary widely across species, influencing population dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between egg size and offspring sex in spider mites.
  • To understand the parental investment strategies employed by spider mites in sex ratio determination.

Main Methods:

  • Observation of egg-laying and offspring development in spider mites.
  • Analysis of egg size variation and corresponding offspring sex.

Main Results:

  • Larger eggs are consistently fertilized and develop into diploid females.

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  • Smaller eggs develop into haploid males.
  • Egg size serves as a direct indicator of offspring sex in this species.

    • Conclusions:

    • Spider mites exhibit a clear strategy of facultative sex determination based on egg provisioning.
    • This mechanism allows parents to adjust the sex ratio of their offspring in response to their investment capacity.