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Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Brain Death Induction in Mice Using Intra-Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring and Ventilation via Tracheostomy

Brain Death Induction in Mice Using Intra-Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring and Ventilation via Tracheostomy

Published on: April 17, 2020

Second brain death examination may negatively affect organ donation.

D Lustbader¹, D O'Hara, E F M Wijdicks

¹New York University School of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA. Lustbader@nshs.edu

|December 22, 2010

Summary

A single brain death examination may suffice for patients over one year old. The current two-examination protocol delays organ donation and increases costs, with no patients regaining brainstem function.

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Symmetric Bihemispheric Postmortem Brain Cutting to Study Healthy and Pathological Brain Conditions in Humans

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Published on: December 18, 2016

Area of Science:

Medical research
Neurology
Organ donation

Background:

The impact of requiring two brain death examinations on organ donation is not well understood.
New York State recommends two examinations, six hours apart, for brain death determination.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the necessity of a second brain death examination.
To assess the effect of the interval between examinations on organ donation rates and patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

A retrospective review of 1,229 adult and 82 pediatric patients pronounced brain dead.
Data collected from 100 New York hospitals serviced by the New York Organ Donor Network (June 2007-December 2009).
Analysis of the time interval between two clinical brain death examinations and its correlation with hospital size, day of the week, and organ donation.

Main Results:

No patients regained brainstem function upon repeat examination.
The mean interval between brain death examinations was 19.2 hours.
Organ donation consent decreased from 57% to 45% as the interval increased, while refusal increased from 23% to 36%.
12% of patients experienced cardiac arrest between examinations.

Conclusions:

A single brain death examination should be sufficient for patients over one year old.
The current practice of a second examination significantly exceeds recommended guidelines, leading to increased intensive care unit costs and loss of viable organs.
Streamlining the brain death declaration process could improve organ donation rates and reduce healthcare costs.