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Related Concept Videos

Constitutional Isomers of Alkanes02:18

Constitutional Isomers of Alkanes

Organic compounds of the same molecular formula can have different structural formulas called constitutional isomers, and the phenomenon is known as constitutional isomerism. Alkanes with four or more carbons showing multiple structures with the same molecular formula thereby exhibit constitutional isomerism.
The linear isomer of an alkane is prefixed by the term “n”; hence a linear isomer of pentane is known as n-pentane. Based on the type of branching, some of the branched isomers are given...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...
International System of Units01:29

International System of Units

The International System of Units, known as the SI system, is a universally accepted measurement system recognized and used worldwide. The SI system is based on a set of three base units considered absolute, and their values do not change with location. These base units are meters, kilograms, and seconds.
Prefixes are used to define both larger and smaller quantities in the SI system. For example, milli, micro, and nano define smaller quantities, while kilo, mega, and giga are used to define...
International Nursing Organizations II01:28

International Nursing Organizations II

The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations based in Geneva. The WHO has many initiatives that center around health. Primarily, they lead global efforts to expand universal health coverage using science-based policies and programs. They are also responsible for shaping health research agendas and developing norms and standards.
The WHO provides expert team support, including funding, vaccines, testing, and treatment tools at the country level to fight...
Radical Formation: Overview01:03

Radical Formation: Overview

A bond can be broken either by heterolytic bond cleavage to form ions or homolytic bond cleavage to yield radicals. A fishhook arrow is used to represent the motion of a single electron in homolytic bond cleavage. There are two main sources from which radicals can be formed:
Radicals from spin-paired molecules:
Radicals can be obtained from spin-paired molecules either by homolysis or electron transfer. While two radicals are formed in the former, an electron is added in the latter, also known...
The Colonization of Land02:22

The Colonization of Land

Changes in the environment of the early Earth drove the evolution of organisms. As prokaryotic organisms in the oceans began to photosynthesize, they produced oxygen. Eventually, oxygen saturated the oceans and entered the air, resulting in an increase in atmospheric oxygen concentration, known as the oxygen revolution approximately 2.3 billion years ago. Therefore, organisms that could use oxygen for cellular respiration had an advantage. More than 1.5 years ago, eukaryotic cells and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Full-Endoscopic Interlaminar Approach for Decompression of Lateral Recess Stenosis
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Full-Endoscopic Interlaminar Approach for Decompression of Lateral Recess Stenosis

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[Post Istanbul Declaration].

Eiji Kobayashi1

  • 1Division of Development of Advanced Treatment, Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|December 24, 2010
PubMed
Summary

The Istanbul Declaration promotes organ donation self-sufficiency and combats trafficking. Japan revised its laws in 2009 to align with global standards, aiming to increase organ donation rates.

Area of Science:

  • Transplantation ethics and policy
  • Global organ donation strategies
  • Legal frameworks for organ transplantation

Context:

  • The Istanbul Declaration (2008) advocated for organ donation self-sufficiency and prevention of organ trafficking.
  • Japan's 1997 Organ Transplant Law prioritized donor autonomy but resulted in low donation rates.
  • Challenges in Japanese society regarding the acceptance of brain-dead organ donation persisted.

Purpose:

  • To analyze the impact of the Istanbul Declaration on Japan's organ donation policies.
  • To examine the reasons behind the low acceptance of brain-dead organ transplantation in Japan.
  • To explore pathways toward achieving self-sufficiency in organ donation.

Summary:

  • Japan revised its Organ Transplant Law in 2009, influenced by the Istanbul Declaration's principles, aiming for global standards in organ donation.

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Full Endoscopic Interlaminar Approach for Paracentral L5-S1 Disc Herniation
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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Full-Endoscopic Interlaminar Approach for Decompression of Lateral Recess Stenosis
02:02

Full-Endoscopic Interlaminar Approach for Decompression of Lateral Recess Stenosis

Published on: February 24, 2023

Full Endoscopic Interlaminar Approach for Paracentral L5-S1 Disc Herniation
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Full Endoscopic Interlaminar Approach for Paracentral L5-S1 Disc Herniation

Published on: April 14, 2023

  • The revised law seeks to address the persistent low organ donation rates and societal challenges associated with brain-dead transplantation.
  • The study highlights the need to understand societal perspectives on brain death and promote organ donation self-sufficiency.

    • Impact:

    • The revised Japanese law represents a significant step towards achieving international standards in organ transplantation.
    • This initiative aims to increase organ availability and reduce reliance on overseas transplants.
    • Further research is needed to foster societal acceptance and explore alternative medical technologies to reduce the need for organ donation.