Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose01:02

Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose

Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body. In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels stimulate the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production and stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism by muscle and adipose tissue. The excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
Hypoglycemia01:26

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL. It commonly occurs in individuals using insulin or insulin-secreting drugs, but may also arise in non-diabetic conditions. People with type 1 diabetes are at the highest risk because they depend on exogenous insulin. People with type 2 diabetes are also at risk, especially when treated with insulin or medications such as sulfonylureas, which increase insulin release regardless of blood glucose levels. It develops when insulin levels exceed...
Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose01:16

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose

Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively manages...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sagittal alignment changes predict patellar osteosclerosis after total knee arthroplasty without resurfacing.

Journal of experimental orthopaedics·2026
Same author

Clinical Features and Prognostic Significance of Pulmonary Metastases in Metastatic Hormone-sensitive Prostate Cancer.

Anticancer research·2026
Same author

A five-year longitudinal analysis of discussion topics in online multidisciplinary collaboration for children with hearing loss in rural Japan.

International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology·2026
Same author

Non-invasive monitoring survey in Beppu hot spring area using gravity measurements, passive image interferometry, and InSAR.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

A Two-Factor Bedside Prognostic Score Integrating Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status and Aggressive Metastatic Burden in Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer.

The Prostate·2026
Same author

Pituitary Apoplexy Following Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Administration for Prostate Cancer.

IJU case reports·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Glucose and insulin administration while maintaining normoglycemia during cardiac surgery using a computer-assisted

Tamaki Sato1, George Carvalho, Hiroaki Sato

  • 1Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics
|December 24, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Computer-guided glucose-insulin-nutrient (GIN) therapy safely maintained target blood glucose levels in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. This novel software improved glycemic control compared to manual methods, ensuring patient safety without hypoglycemia.

More Related Videos

Hyperglycemic Clamp and Hypoglycemic Clamp in Conscious Mice
07:35

Hyperglycemic Clamp and Hypoglycemic Clamp in Conscious Mice

Published on: January 26, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Hyperglycemic Clamp and Hypoglycemic Clamp in Conscious Mice
07:35

Hyperglycemic Clamp and Hypoglycemic Clamp in Conscious Mice

Published on: January 26, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Medical Informatics

Background:

  • The hyperinsulinemic-normoglycemic clamp technique principles were adapted for surgical patients.
  • Glucose and insulin administration maintaining normoglycemia (GIN therapy) was previously introduced.
  • A novel computer software (GINCS) was developed to automate GIN therapy during cardiac surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel computer software (GINCS) for guiding GIN therapy.
  • To assess the performance of a computer algorithm based on the clamp equation during cardiac surgery.
  • To compare computer-guided GIN therapy with manual GIN therapy in surgical patients.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty-six non-diabetic patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery were randomized to manual or computer-guided GIN therapy.
  • Insulin was infused at 5 mU/kg/min, with 20% dextrose adjusted to maintain blood glucose (BG) between 4.0-6.0 mmol/L.
  • Adjustments were guided by a pre-defined algorithm or the GINCS software.

Main Results:

  • Both groups achieved normoglycemia (mean BG 5.0-5.1 mmol/L).
  • The GINCS group showed a significantly higher percentage of BG measurements within the target range (94.1-97.7%) compared to the manual group (68.1-79.7%).
  • Mean sampling intervals were longer in the GINCS group, and no hypoglycemia was observed in either group.

Conclusions:

  • Computer-guided GIN therapy provides excellent and safe glycemic control in non-diabetic patients undergoing open-heart surgery.
  • The GINCS program effectively manages blood glucose levels during cardiac procedures.
  • This technology offers a promising approach to intraoperative glycemic management.