Variability in post-error behavioral adjustment is associated with functional abnormalities in the temporal cortex in
Simona Spinelli1, Roma A Vasa, Suresh Joel
1Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA. spinellisimona@gmail.com
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines
|December 24, 2010
Summary
Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show atypical neural activity after errors, with increased temporal cortex activation linked to reduced variability. This suggests compensatory mechanisms may be impaired in ADHD.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Psychology
- Cognitive Science
Background:
- Children with ADHD exhibit deficits in error processing, including increased intra-subject variability (ISV) and atypical reaction times (RT) post-error.
- Neural correlates of these behavioral deficits in ADHD remain unclear, particularly involving the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC).
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the neural correlates of post-error adjustments in children with ADHD compared to typically developing (TD) controls.
- To examine brain activation patterns during error processing and their relationship with behavioral variability.
Main Methods:
- Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) was employed during a Go/No-Go task.
- The study included 13 children with ADHD and 17 TD children.
Main Results:
- Children with ADHD showed increased intra-subject variability (ISV) but similar reaction time (RT) slowing compared to controls.
- Post-error, ADHD participants exhibited increased blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal in temporal cortex (TempC), ACC/SMA, and auditory cortex (AudC).
- Increased TempC activity in ADHD was associated with lower ISV, suggesting a compensatory role.
Conclusions:
- Post-error neural activity in ADHD involves attentional shifts and recruitment of compensatory regions for conflict resolution and response execution.
- Functional abnormalities in temporal regions may contribute to increased variability in ADHD.
- Increased ISV in ADHD might relate to over-sensitivity to negative outcomes during error trials.
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