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Related Concept Videos

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles01:43

The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles

In eukaryotic cells,  cytoskeletal filaments such as actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments form a mesh-like cytoskeletal network. These filaments serve as tracks for transporting cellular cargo. Specialized motor proteins use the chemical energy stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for this transport. During interphase, microtubules are polarized, with the plus-end towards the cell periphery and the minus-end towards the cell center. Two microtubule-associated motor proteins,...
Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
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Mechanism of Filopodia Formation01:39

Mechanism of Filopodia Formation

Filopodia are thin, actin-rich cellular protrusions that play an important role in many fundamental cellular functions. They vary in their occurrence, length, and positioning in different cell types, suggesting their diverse roles.
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Cells migrating in response to external stimuli form lamellipodia, which are thin membrane protrusions supported by a mesh of linked, branched, or unbranched actin filaments. These actin filaments interact with myosin motor proteins, creating the dynamic actomyosin complex within the cytoskeleton. Contractility, or the ability to generate contractile stress, is inherent to the actomyosin complex. It helps cells detect the stiffness of the surrounding ECM and exert contractile force for...

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Cargo Loading onto Kinesin Powered Molecular Shuttles
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Cargo Loading onto Kinesin Powered Molecular Shuttles

Published on: November 3, 2010

Mechanosomes carry a loaded message.

Joseph P Bidwell1, Fredrick M Pavalko

  • 1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. fpavalko@iupui.edu

Science Signaling
|December 24, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered a new molecular complex involved in bone mechanotransduction, which converts mechanical stimuli into gene expression changes. This finding advances understanding of how cells respond to physical forces, impacting bone health and disease.

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Published on: October 30, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Cellular responses to mechanical stimuli (mechanotransduction) are crucial for human health and disease.
  • Bone remodeling in response to mechanical loading highlights the importance of skeletal mechanotransduction.
  • The mechanosome hypothesis proposes that cell membrane signals are converted into transcriptional changes via multiprotein complexes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel molecular complexes involved in mechanotransduction.
  • To investigate the role of these complexes in regulating gene expression in response to mechanical stimuli.
  • To explore the relationship between identified complexes and the proposed mechanosome network.

Main Methods:

  • Identification of protein complexes associated with β₃ integrins.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways involving nitric oxide (NO), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), and protein kinase G II.
  • Investigation of gene expression changes in response to fluid flow.
  • Utilizing biochemical assays and molecular biology techniques.

Main Results:

  • A novel mechanotransduction complex, including NO, cGMP, protein kinase G II, SHP-1, and SHP-2, was identified.
  • This complex associates with β₃ integrins via Src and regulates gene expression in response to fluid flow.
  • The identified complex possesses key characteristics of a mechanosome.

Conclusions:

  • This study reveals a new molecular player in the mechanotransduction pathway within bone cells.
  • The findings suggest a broader and more complex mechanosome network than previously understood.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the full extent of mechanosome interactions with other mechanical signaling pathways.