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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation

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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

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Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
07:22

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Published on: May 31, 2021

Basophils induce Th2 immunity: is this final answer?

Booki Min1

  • 1Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. minb@ccf.org

Virulence
|December 24, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Basophils are thought to induce Th2 immunity via cytokines like IL-4. However, this review discusses how Th2 immunity can develop even without basophils or IL-4 during helminth infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Basophils, though rare leukocytes (<0.5%), are recognized for potent immunoregulatory roles.
  • They are traditionally believed to induce T-helper 2 (Th2) immunity through cytokines like Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP).
  • Basophils are also considered professional antigen-presenting cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of basophils in the development of Th2 immunity in vivo.
  • To critically evaluate the necessity of basophils and IL-4 for Th2 immunity induction during helminth infection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on basophil function.
  • Analysis of experimental data concerning helminth infections and Th2 immune responses.
  • Discussion of immunological mechanisms involved in Th2 polarization.

Main Results:

  • Recent findings challenge the exclusive role of basophils and IL-4 in initiating Th2 immunity.
  • Th2 immunity can develop independently of basophils during helminth infection.
  • Alternative pathways for Th2 polarization may exist.

Conclusions:

  • The contribution of basophils to Th2 immunity is complex and context-dependent.
  • While basophils can promote Th2 responses, they are not universally essential.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms of Th2 immunity development.