Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

MYC pathway reprogramming through a TIP60 coactivator switch in neuroendocrine lineage transition in prostate cancer.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

BLeaching In-cell Single-molecule burstS (BLISS) reveals a small dynamic fraction of HP1α clusters in undifferentiated embryonic stem cells.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Complex genotype-phenotype relationships in neurodevelopmental disorders.

Trends in genetics : TIG·2026
Same author

sc-rDSeq: a robust and cost-effective full-length total RNA sequencing method for single cells reveals multilayered heterogeneity in drug-resistant lung cancer cells.

Nucleic acids research·2026
Same author

ATF3-dependent formation of inclusion bodies in polyQ-expressing human iPSC-derived neurons confers cellular protection.

Cell death and differentiation·2026
Same author

CHD1 is a synthetic lethal vulnerability in MYC-driven breast cancer.

Oncogene·2026
Same journal

Single-cell evidence for PANoptosome complexes.

Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology·2026
Same journal

Reply to 'Single-cell evidence for PANoptosome complexes'.

Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology·2026
Same journal

Plucking cellular ribosomes with Ribo-Tweezer.

Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology·2026
Same journal

COPII meets autophagy at the ER membrane.

Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology·2026
Same journal

Diapause presses pause on life's developmental and ageing clock.

Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology·2026
Same journal

Histone acetylation at the dawn of gene regulation.

Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Reprogramming Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Pluripotency
07:08

Reprogramming Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Pluripotency

Published on: February 2, 2024

Open chromatin in pluripotency and reprogramming.

Alexandre Gaspar-Maia1, Adi Alajem2, Eran Meshorer2

  • 1Departments of Ob/Gyn and Pathology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Center for Reproductive Sciences and Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0525, USA.

Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
|December 24, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pluripotent stem cells maintain an open chromatin state for cell development. This chromatin accessibility is crucial for both maintaining pluripotency and during cell reprogramming and cancer de-differentiation.

More Related Videos

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells
10:36

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: July 22, 2008

CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure
09:20

CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure

Published on: September 14, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Reprogramming Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Pluripotency
07:08

Reprogramming Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Pluripotency

Published on: February 2, 2024

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells
10:36

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: July 22, 2008

CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure
09:20

CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure

Published on: September 14, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Stem Cell Research

Background:

  • Pluripotent stem cells, derived from embryos or reprogrammed from adult cells, possess the unique ability to differentiate into all cell types.
  • Recent research highlights the critical role of an 'open' chromatin state in maintaining pluripotency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms governing the open chromatin state in pluripotent stem cells.
  • To explore the role of chromatin regulation in pluripotency maintenance, reprogramming, and cancer de-differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of chromatin accessibility.
  • Investigation of specific transcription factors and chromatin regulators.
  • Comparative studies of pluripotent cells, reprogrammed cells, and cancer cells.

Main Results:

  • Specific factors globally maintain an open chromatin state, facilitating transcriptional activation.
  • Other chromatin regulators locally silence lineage-specific genes until differentiation.
  • These principles appear conserved during reprogramming to pluripotency and cancer de-differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • An open chromatin state, regulated by specific factors and local silencing mechanisms, is fundamental to pluripotency.
  • Understanding these chromatin dynamics offers insights into cell reprogramming and cancer biology.