Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways

Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
The somatosensory system is divided into three main pathways: the dorsal (or posterior) column-medial lemniscus, spinothalamic (or anterolateral), and spinocerebellar pathways.
The dorsal...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Multimodal characterization of variation in neuronal types in the mouse basal ganglia.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Connecting single-cell transcriptomes to projectomes in the mouse visual cortex.

Nature·2026
Same author

Conserved Cell Type Signatures Across the Brainstem and Spinal Cord in the Mouse Central Nervous System.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Brain-wide topographic coordination of rotating waves.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Search, organize, aggregate and share image data with BioFile Finder (BFF).

Nature methods·2026
Same author

A Cross-Species Enhancer-AAV Toolkit for Cell Type-Specific Targeting Across the Basal Ganglia.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Recording Temperature-induced Neuronal Activity through Monitoring Calcium Changes in the Olfactory Bulb of Xenopus laevis
11:08

Recording Temperature-induced Neuronal Activity through Monitoring Calcium Changes in the Olfactory Bulb of Xenopus laevis

Published on: June 3, 2016

Cortical representations of olfactory input by trans-synaptic tracing.

Kazunari Miyamichi1, Fernando Amat, Farshid Moussavi

  • 1HHMI/Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.

Nature
|December 24, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Researchers mapped olfactory pathways in mice, revealing how the olfactory bulb’s odor map is processed in the cortex. Individual cortical neurons integrate signals from broadly distributed olfactory bulb glomeruli, with different cortical areas showing distinct input patterns.

More Related Videos

The Olfactory System as a Model to Study Axonal Growth Patterns and Morphology In Vivo
08:29

The Olfactory System as a Model to Study Axonal Growth Patterns and Morphology In Vivo

Published on: October 30, 2014

Functional Evaluation of Olfactory Pathways in Living Xenopus Tadpoles
07:33

Functional Evaluation of Olfactory Pathways in Living Xenopus Tadpoles

Published on: December 11, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Recording Temperature-induced Neuronal Activity through Monitoring Calcium Changes in the Olfactory Bulb of Xenopus laevis
11:08

Recording Temperature-induced Neuronal Activity through Monitoring Calcium Changes in the Olfactory Bulb of Xenopus laevis

Published on: June 3, 2016

The Olfactory System as a Model to Study Axonal Growth Patterns and Morphology In Vivo
08:29

The Olfactory System as a Model to Study Axonal Growth Patterns and Morphology In Vivo

Published on: October 30, 2014

Functional Evaluation of Olfactory Pathways in Living Xenopus Tadpoles
07:33

Functional Evaluation of Olfactory Pathways in Living Xenopus Tadpoles

Published on: December 11, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Olfactory System Research
  • Connectomics

Background:

  • The mouse olfactory bulb creates an odor map via convergent axonal projections from olfactory receptor neurons to specific glomeruli.
  • The representation of this olfactory bulb odor map within the olfactory cortex remains largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the olfactory bulb's odor map is represented in the olfactory cortex.
  • To elucidate the presynaptic connectivity of cortical neurons receiving olfactory input.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized rabies-virus-dependent retrograde mono-trans-synaptic labeling.
  • Employed genetic techniques to control 'starter' cortical neurons for tracing presynaptic inputs.

Main Results:

  • Individual cortical neurons receive convergent input from multiple mitral cells, representing broadly distributed glomeruli.
  • Demonstrated differential representation of olfactory bulb input across cortical areas, with the cortical amygdala favoring dorsal input and the piriform cortex sampling broadly.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct olfactory cortical areas process olfactory bulb information differently, likely reflecting specialized functions in odor preference and memory.
  • The developed trans-synaptic labeling technique offers a versatile tool for mapping neural connections across the mouse nervous system.