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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

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Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: pharmacotherapy.

Josephine Elia¹

¹Dr. Elia is from the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Psychiatry (Edgmont (Pa. : Township))

|December 24, 2010

Summary

Long-acting medications for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) improve treatment adherence and convenience. Stimulant medications remain first-line, but treatment choices are currently empirical.

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Area of Science:

Pharmacology
Neuroscience
Psychiatry

Background:

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) pharmacotherapy has evolved significantly.
Early treatments relied on short-acting stimulant compounds like methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the evolution of ADHD pharmacotherapy.
To highlight the development and impact of long-acting formulations and non-stimulant options.

Main Methods:

Review of FDA approvals and therapeutic advancements in ADHD pharmacotherapy.
Analysis of the impact of new formulations on treatment adherence and efficacy.

Main Results:

Long-acting formulations (Concerta, Ritalin LA, Metadate CD, Adderall XR) improve school-day coverage, adherence, and privacy.
Introduction of Focalin (isomer preparation) and Strattera (non-stimulant) expanded treatment options.
Stimulant preparations remain first-line due to efficacy and safety.

Conclusions:

Current ADHD pharmacotherapy has expanded with long-acting and non-stimulant options.
Despite advancements, treatment selection and dosing remain empirical due to limited guiding data.