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Related Concept Videos

Acids, Bases and Neutralization Reactions01:27

Acids, Bases and Neutralization Reactions

Acids and bases play several important roles in biology. The pH of a biological system can significantly impact the function of biological molecules, including enzymes, proteins, and nucleic acids. For example, enzymes have optimal pH ranges for their activity, and changes in pH can denature or alter their structure, affecting their function. Acids and bases also play a crucial role in cellular signaling and communication. The pH of the extracellular fluid around cells can influence the...
Acids, Bases and Neutralization Reactions03:26

Acids, Bases and Neutralization Reactions

An acid-base reaction is one in which a hydrogen ion, H+, is transferred from one chemical species to another. Such reactions are of central importance to numerous natural and technological processes, ranging from the chemical transformations within cells or lakes and oceans to the industrial-scale production of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and other substances essential to the society.
Acid Attack on Concrete01:21

Acid Attack on Concrete

When acids come into contact with concrete, they initiate a chemical reaction that dissolves the hydrated cement paste. This process leads to softening and structural weakening of the concrete. This issue is commonly observed in environments such as chimneys, sewers, and industrial settings. The severity of the damage increases as the pH of the water interacting with the concrete drops below 6.5. In particular, a pH under 4.5 can cause significant concrete damage.
The rate at which hydrogen...
Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
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Cellular Injury I: Introduction01:00

Cellular Injury I: Introduction

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Confocal Time Lapse Imaging as an Efficient Method for the Cytocompatibility Evaluation of Dental Composites
07:04

Confocal Time Lapse Imaging as an Efficient Method for the Cytocompatibility Evaluation of Dental Composites

Published on: November 9, 2014

Root canal complications: 'the hypochlorite accident'.

P K Singh1

  • 1School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban. kissoonp@ukzn.ac.za

SADJ : Journal of the South African Dental Association = Tydskrif Van Die Suid-Afrikaanse Tandheelkundige Vereniging
|December 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Sodium hypochlorite, a common root canal irrigant, can cause severe complications like tissue damage and allergic reactions. Awareness and preventative measures are crucial for safe dental practice.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Confocal Time Lapse Imaging as an Efficient Method for the Cytocompatibility Evaluation of Dental Composites
07:04

Confocal Time Lapse Imaging as an Efficient Method for the Cytocompatibility Evaluation of Dental Composites

Published on: November 9, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Endodontics
  • Dental materials science

Background:

  • Sodium hypochlorite is a standard irrigant in root canal therapy.
  • Its efficacy is well-established, but potential complications are often overlooked by practitioners.

Observation:

  • Complications include skin/mucosal/ocular injury, clothing damage, air emphysema, allergic reactions, and extrusion beyond the root apex.
  • A case of sodium hypochlorite extrusion beyond the foramen is presented and reviewed.

Findings:

  • Literature review reveals a lack of standardized management protocols for sodium hypochlorite-induced complications.
  • Symptomatic therapies are currently the primary approach for managing these adverse events.

Implications:

  • Minimizing risks requires protective measures, proper instrumentation, and technique refinement during root canal procedures.
  • Consideration of alternative irrigating solutions may further reduce the incidence of sodium hypochlorite-related damage.