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Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
Overview of the Skull01:08

Overview of the Skull

The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...
Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...
Teeth01:15

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
08:03

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

Published on: November 4, 2025

Association between overbite and craniofacial growth pattern.

Cristiane Aparecida de Assis Claro1, Jorge Abrão, Silvia Augusta Braga Reis

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, University of Taubaté, SP, Brazil. clarocris@ig.com.br

Brazilian Oral Research
|December 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found no association between overbite and craniofacial growth patterns using two different analysis methods. Different classifications of facial growth patterns do not correlate with specific overbite or openbite conditions.

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Analysis of Craniomaxillofacial Malformations in Mice Using Three-dimensional Microcomputed Tomography
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Analysis of Craniomaxillofacial Malformations in Mice Using Three-dimensional Microcomputed Tomography

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
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Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

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Analysis of Craniomaxillofacial Malformations in Mice Using Three-dimensional Microcomputed Tomography
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Analysis of Craniomaxillofacial Malformations in Mice Using Three-dimensional Microcomputed Tomography

Published on: January 17, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Orthodontics
  • Craniofacial Biology

Background:

  • Overbite is a common orthodontic concern.
  • Craniofacial growth patterns influence dental and skeletal relationships.
  • Understanding the link between overbite and growth patterns is crucial for treatment planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the association between overbite and craniofacial growth patterns.
  • To evaluate the consistency of different methods in classifying facial growth.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 86 pretreatment cephalograms using the Radiocef program.
  • Utilized overbite, Jarabak percentage, and Vert index for measurements and classifications.
  • Employed Weighted Kappa and chi-square tests for statistical analysis.

Main Results:

  • Weighted Kappa analysis revealed unsatisfactory agreement between Vert index facial types and Jarabak percentage growth trends.
  • Chi-square tests showed no statistically significant relationship between overbite and craniofacial growth patterns when analyzed separately.
  • Increased overbite was not associated with a braquifacial pattern, nor openbite with a dolichofacial pattern.

Conclusions:

  • The classification of facial growth patterns differs between Jarabak and Ricketts analyses.
  • No direct association exists between overbite severity and specific craniofacial growth patterns.
  • Clinical implications suggest that overbite should be assessed independently of general craniofacial growth classifications.