Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess the...

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to structural...

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug binding...

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Active Drug, Metabolite and Fraction of Metabolized Drug

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Active Drug, Metabolite and Fraction of Metabolized Drug

In pharmacotherapy, monitoring drug concentrations is paramount, especially for drugs whose therapeutic effects hinge on both the active compound and its metabolite. Hepatic impairment profoundly influences drug potency by altering liver function. If the drug is more potent than its metabolite, impaired liver function amplifies drug activity due to elevated drug concentration levels. Conversely, if the metabolite holds greater potency, diminished liver function diminishes drug activity by...

Liver Physiology

Liver Physiology

The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
Metabolic Regulation:
The liver is the central organ involved in regulating blood composition. It stabilizes blood glucose levels, maintaining them within the range of 70–110 mg/dL. When these levels drop, the liver breaks down glycogen reserves and releases glucose into the bloodstream. It can also...

Liver Regeneration

Liver Regeneration

The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
Cells of Liver
The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are large...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Neuropsychological late effects in young children with medulloblastoma: A longitudinal analysis after 5 and 15 years from the HIT-SKK-'87/'92 studies.

Neuro-oncology practice·2026

Same author

Diameter of the fetal pancreas and abdomen-to-pancreas-ratio: novel ultrasound parameters in fetal growth restriction.

Archives of gynecology and obstetrics·2026

Same author

Chirurgie (Heidelberg, Germany)·2025

Same author

Risk profiles of common brachial plexus block sites: results from the net-ra registry.

Regional anesthesia and pain medicine·2024

Same author

Confirmatory Adaptive Designs for Clinical Trials With Multiple Time-to-Event Outcomes in Multi-state Markov Models.

Biometrical journal. Biometrische Zeitschrift·2024

Same author

Adaption of neurosurgical resection patterns for pediatric low-grade glioma spanning two decades-Report from the German LGG-studies 1996-2018.

Cancer medicine·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Intrasplenic Transplantation of Hepatocytes After Partial Hepatectomy in NOD.SCID Mice

Intrasplenic Transplantation of Hepatocytes After Partial Hepatectomy in NOD.SCID Mice

Published on: February 10, 2018

Hepatic organ protection: from basic science to clinical practice.

World Journal of Gastroenterology

|December 25, 2010

Summary

Hepatic ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major cause of liver failure after surgery. This review highlights new protective strategies for limiting I/R injury, focusing on blood flow, preconditioning, and drugs.

Area of Science:

Hepatology
Surgical Pathology
Transplantation Immunology

Background:

Hepatic ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury is a critical complication following liver surgery, leading to significant postoperative liver failure and increased patient mortality.
Understanding the complex mechanisms underlying hepatic I/R injury is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies.
While numerous protective approaches have shown promise in experimental settings, their translation to clinical practice remains a challenge.

Discussion:

This Topic Highlight series synthesizes recent advancements in understanding and mitigating hepatic I/R injury.
It explores promising protective concepts, including the optimization of hepatic blood flow, molecular mechanisms of preconditioning, and pharmacological interventions.
The series emphasizes clinically relevant ideas poised for integration into surgical practice.

More Related Videos

Human Liver Microphysiological System for Assessing Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity In Vitro

Human Liver Microphysiological System for Assessing Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity In Vitro

Published on: January 31, 2022

Protocol for Isolation of Primary Human Hepatocytes and Corresponding Major Populations of Non-parenchymal Liver Cells

Protocol for Isolation of Primary Human Hepatocytes and Corresponding Major Populations of Non-parenchymal Liver Cells

Published on: March 30, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Intrasplenic Transplantation of Hepatocytes After Partial Hepatectomy in NOD.SCID Mice

Intrasplenic Transplantation of Hepatocytes After Partial Hepatectomy in NOD.SCID Mice

Published on: February 10, 2018

Human Liver Microphysiological System for Assessing Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity In Vitro

Human Liver Microphysiological System for Assessing Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity In Vitro

Published on: January 31, 2022

Protocol for Isolation of Primary Human Hepatocytes and Corresponding Major Populations of Non-parenchymal Liver Cells

Protocol for Isolation of Primary Human Hepatocytes and Corresponding Major Populations of Non-parenchymal Liver Cells

Published on: March 30, 2016

Key Insights:

Recent research has significantly advanced the characterization of molecular mechanisms driving hepatic I/R injury.
Novel preconditioning strategies and pharmacological agents demonstrate potential for reducing I/R-induced liver damage.
Optimizing hepatic blood flow emerges as a key factor in preventing and managing I/R injury.

Outlook:

Continued research into molecular pathways and preconditioning holds promise for novel therapeutic targets.
Clinical trials are exploring the efficacy of various protective strategies, moving them closer to routine surgical application.
The integration of experimental findings with clinical practice is expected to improve outcomes for patients undergoing liver surgery.