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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...

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Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster
09:39

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Published on: August 21, 2014

Non-coding RNAs: could they be the answer?

Fabricio F Costa1

  • 1Cancer Biology and Epigenomics Program, Children's Memorial Research Center and Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. fcosta@childrensmemorial.org

Briefings in Functional Genomics
|December 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified few genetic regions for complex diseases. We propose that many unidentified regions may represent novel long non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) or regulatory transcripts.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have yielded limited success in identifying genetic factors for complex diseases, primarily implicating protein-coding genes.
  • Recent research highlights the role of long non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in crucial molecular mechanisms.
  • High-throughput transcriptome analyses reveal extensive transcription from previously unannotated genomic regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose that a significant portion of the genome, not currently associated with known genes, may comprise novel ncRNAs or regulatory transcripts.
  • To emphasize the need for future investigation into these uncharacterized genomic regions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) findings.
  • Analysis of recent transcriptome data from various cell types.
  • Literature review on long non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and their functions.

Main Results:

  • Limited identification of genetic loci associated with complex diseases through traditional GWAS, predominantly linked to protein-coding genes.
  • Emerging evidence implicating ncRNAs in significant biological processes.
  • Discovery of widespread transcription across the genome, including regions lacking clear gene annotations.

Conclusions:

  • The majority of the genome, particularly regions not clearly defined as genes, may consist of unknown ncRNAs or regulatory elements.
  • Future research should focus on characterizing these non-coding transcripts to understand their role in complex traits and diseases.