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Peripheral lymph node tuberculosis: a review of 80 cases.

M C Dandapat1, B M Mishra, S P Dash

  • 1Department of Surgery, M.K.C.G. Medical College, Orissa, India.

The British Journal of Surgery
|August 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

This study shows that short-term chemotherapy effectively treats tubercular lymphadenitis, a common condition in young adults from low socioeconomic backgrounds. Diagnosis is aided by fine needle aspiration cytology and culture, with surgery often unnecessary.

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Area of Science:

  • Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Peripheral lymphadenopathy is a common clinical presentation.
  • Tubercular lymphadenitis is a significant cause of peripheral lymphadenopathy, particularly in low socioeconomic populations.
  • Accurate diagnosis and effective treatment are crucial for patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
  • To assess the efficacy of a short-term chemotherapy regimen for tubercular lymphadenitis.
  • To describe the clinical characteristics of patients with tubercular lymphadenitis.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 80 patients diagnosed with tubercular lymphadenitis.

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  • Analysis of patient demographics, clinical presentation, Mantoux test results, and imaging findings.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic yield from FNAC and Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture.
  • Assessment of treatment outcomes with a 9-month chemotherapy regimen (rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol).

    • Main Results:

    • The study included 80 patients, predominantly young adults (<30 years) with a slight female predominance.
    • Cervical lymph nodes were most commonly affected (56 cases).
    • FNAC yielded a positive diagnosis in 83% of cases, and culture confirmed Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 65% of cases.
    • A 9-month chemotherapy regimen demonstrated excellent results, obviating the need for surgery in all patients.
    • Associated pulmonary tuberculosis was present in 5% of cases.

    Conclusions:

    • Tubercular lymphadenitis is prevalent in young adults from low socioeconomic strata.
    • FNAC and mycobacterial culture are valuable diagnostic tools.
    • Short-term chemotherapy is a highly effective treatment for tubercular lymphadenitis, with a high success rate and minimal need for surgical intervention.