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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Determining and Controlling External Power Output During Regular Handrim Wheelchair Propulsion

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Published on: February 5, 2020

Net efficiency of roller skiing with a diagonal stride.

Akira Nakai¹, Akira Ito

¹Graduate School of Sport and Exercise Science, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka, Japan. minaharus@nike.eonet.ne.jp

Journal of Sports Sciences

|December 25, 2010

Summary

This study found that roller skiing with a diagonal stride is highly efficient, with peak net efficiency occurring at approximately 3.68 m/s. Optimal speed maximizes efficiency in this cross-country ski training method.

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Area of Science:

Sports Science
Biomechanics
Exercise Physiology

Background:

Roller skiing is a key training method for cross-country skiers.
Understanding the energetic cost of roller skiing is crucial for optimizing training.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine net efficiency during diagonal stride roller skiing across various speeds.
To assess how net efficiency changes with speed.
To characterize the efficiency of this skiing technique.

Main Methods:

Eight male collegiate cross-country ski athletes performed diagonal stride roller skiing on a level track.
Two-dimensional kinematics and oxygen uptake were measured.
Net efficiency was calculated using rates of internal work, external work, and net energy expenditure.

Main Results:

Individual net efficiency varied widely, from 17.7% to 52.1%.
Group net efficiency increased with speed, peaking at 37.3% around 3.68 m/s.
Efficiency began to decrease after reaching its maximum.

Conclusions:

Diagonal stride roller skiing is a highly efficient movement, particularly at higher speeds.
An optimal speed exists for maximizing net efficiency in this activity.
These findings have implications for training prescription in cross-country skiing.