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Related Concept Videos

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
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The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
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The plexuses of the lower body include the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal plexuses, which innervate the abdomen, pelvis, legs, and coccygeal region. These plexuses control the transmission of sensory information and coordinate motor functions of the lower body.
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The lumbar plexus is situated within the lumbar region of the back and is primarily formed by the first four lumbar spinal nerves (L1 to L4). This plexus extends its branches into several nerves, including the...

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Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity
07:20

Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity

Published on: December 21, 2012

Cyclic sciatica from extrapelvic endometriosis affecting the sciatic nerve.

John R Floyd1, Elizabeth R Keeler, Elizabeth D Euscher

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.

Journal of Neurosurgery. Spine
|December 28, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Catamenial sciatica, linked to endometriosis, can affect the sciatic nerve outside the pelvis. Surgical decompression and medical therapy offer symptom relief and disease suppression.

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Gynecology
  • Surgical Science

Background:

  • Catamenial sciatica is an uncommon condition where sciatic pain fluctuates with the menstrual cycle.
  • It is typically caused by pelvic endometriosis impacting the lumbosacral plexus or sciatic nerve.

Observation:

  • A case of catamenial sciatica is presented, caused by endometriosis affecting the sciatic nerve trunk in the upper thigh.
  • The patient experienced leg pain for 5 years, leading to gluteal atrophy, sensory loss, and decreased L-5 myotome strength.

Findings:

  • Electromyography confirmed the L-5 distribution of neurological deficits.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging suggested sciatic nerve thickening.
  • Surgical exploration revealed extrinsic and intrinsic sciatic nerve abnormalities due to endometriosis.

Implications:

  • Endometriosis can affect the sciatic nerve both within and outside the pelvic region.
  • Appropriate surgical planning is crucial to avoid unnecessary exploration.
  • Surgical decompression provides significant symptom relief, while medical therapy aids in sustained disease suppression.