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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is based on...
Hyperglycemia01:29

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...
Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction01:26

Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction

Diabetes mellitus consists of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. This elevated blood glucose results from defects in insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. Insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis by facilitating cellular glucose uptake for energy or storage. Disruptions in insulin production or function lead to glucose accumulation in the bloodstream, causing the clinical features and long-term...

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Assessment of insulin adherence in diabetic outpatients: An observational study.

Annales pharmaceutiques francaises·2022
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When should screening be performed for gestational diabetes?

Diabetes & metabolism·2010
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A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19
06:46

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[When should we screen for gestational diabetes?].

A-M Guedj1

  • 1Service maladies métaboliques et endocriniennes, Hôpital Caremeau, CHU Nîmes, Place Pr Debré, 30900 Nîmes, France. anne.marie.guedj@chu-nimes.fr

Journal De Gynecologie, Obstetrique Et Biologie De La Reproduction
|December 28, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Screening for gestational diabetes is recommended between 24-28 weeks. Earlier screening with fasting blood glucose is advised for high-risk pregnancies, but routine early screening is not supported by studies.

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Published on: February 23, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Context:

  • Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) screening is a critical component of prenatal care.
  • The optimal timing for GDM screening remains a subject of ongoing research and clinical debate.
  • Increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes in women of childbearing age necessitates re-evaluation of screening protocols.

Purpose:

  • To evaluate the evidence for gestational diabetes screening outside the standard 24-28 week gestational age period.
  • To determine the efficacy of early pregnancy screening for GDM in high-risk individuals.
  • To synthesize current guidelines and literature regarding GDM screening timing.

Summary:

  • Current recommendations advocate for GDM screening between 24-28 weeks gestation.
  • For high-risk pregnancies, initial screening with fasting blood glucose (>1.26 g/L) at the first prenatal visit is suggested.
  • Prospective studies do not support routine oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) in early pregnancy for GDM diagnosis.
  • There is no evidence to support repeat GDM screening later in pregnancy beyond the 24-28 week window.

Impact:

  • Informs clinical practice guidelines for gestational diabetes screening.
  • Highlights the need for risk stratification in prenatal care.
  • Contributes to the understanding of optimal diagnostic strategies for gestational diabetes, potentially improving maternal and fetal outcomes.