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Related Concept Videos

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Positive Regulator Molecules02:39

Positive Regulator Molecules

Mitotic cell division results in daughter cells that exactly resemble the parent cell. However, errors in the DNA replication or distribution of genetic material may lead to genetic mutations that may be passed down to every new cell formed from the resulting abnormal cell. Propagation of such mutant cells is restricted through checkpoint mechanisms present at different stages of the cell cycle. These checkpoints involve regulator molecules that either promote or demote cell cycle events.
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

The Establishment of a Lung Colonization Assay for Circulating Tumor Cell Visualization in Lung Tissues
07:39

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Published on: June 16, 2018

Cyclooxygenase-2 in oncogenesis.

Maria Teresa Rizzo1

  • 1Signal Transduction Laboratory, Methodist Research Institute, Clarian Health and Department of Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States. mrizzo@clarian.org

Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
|December 29, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is crucial in cancer development and progression. Understanding its complex role and signaling pathways is key to developing effective cancer prevention and therapies.

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A Mimic of the Tumor Microenvironment: A Simple Method for Generating Enriched Cell Populations and Investigating Intercellular Communication
09:52

A Mimic of the Tumor Microenvironment: A Simple Method for Generating Enriched Cell Populations and Investigating Intercellular Communication

Published on: September 20, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an inducible enzyme, is implicated in oncogenesis.
  • Aberrant COX-2 regulation correlates with poor outcomes in various cancers.
  • COX-2 influences tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis through cell-autonomous and microenvironmental effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted role of COX-2 in cancer.
  • To highlight the challenges and limitations of current COX-2 inhibitor-based therapies.
  • To emphasize the need for a deeper understanding of COX-2 signaling for improved cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental and clinical evidence on COX-2 in cancer.
  • Analysis of findings from cell culture and animal tumor models.
  • Evaluation of clinical trial data and adverse event profiles of COX-2 inhibitors.

Main Results:

  • COX-2 promotes tumor growth, survival, invasion, and immune evasion.
  • COX-2 contributes to a pro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment.
  • COX-2 inhibitors show limited efficacy and significant cardiovascular side effects.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting COX-2 for cancer therapy requires a comprehensive understanding of its activation and signaling.
  • Further research into COX-2-dependent pathways may reveal novel therapeutic targets.
  • Improved strategies are needed to harness COX-2's role in cancer prevention and treatment.