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Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
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Deformational plagiocephaly, brachycephaly, and scaphocephaly. Part I: terminology, diagnosis, and etiopathogenesis

Gary F Rogers1

  • 1Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. gary.rogers@childrens.harvard.edu

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|December 29, 2010
PubMed

Insights

Abnormal head shape, often due to external pressure on infant heads, is common. This review covers its history, causes, and treatments, especially relevant due to recent changes in infant sleeping practices.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Craniology
  • Medical History

Background:

  • Abnormal head shape is frequently caused by cranial deformation, resulting from external pressure on an infant's developing skull.
  • Historical records show intentional and unintentional cranial alterations throughout human history.
  • Recent shifts in infant sleeping recommendations to prevent sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) have increased the incidence of cranial deformation, prompting renewed clinical and research interest.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive clinical review of cranial deformation.
  • To critically examine the literature concerning historical context, terminology, differential diagnosis, etiopathogenesis, predisposing factors, prevention, and treatment of abnormal head shape.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focused on cranial deformation.
  • Analysis of historical data and clinical practices.
  • Synthesis of information on diagnosis, causes, and management.

Main Results:

  • Cranial deformation is the primary cause of abnormal head shape.
  • External pressure on the infant skull is the main etiological factor.
  • Changes in infant sleep positioning have significantly impacted the prevalence of this condition.

Conclusions:

  • A thorough understanding of cranial deformation's history, causes, and clinical aspects is essential.
  • The review offers a pragmatic approach to managing this common pediatric condition.
  • Evidence-based strategies for prevention and treatment are crucial for addressing the rise in cranial deformation.

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