Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Goiter01:27

Goiter

Goiter refers to an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland that may appear as a diffuse goiter (uniform enlargement) or nodular (single or multiple nodules). Functionally, it is classified as nontoxic (normal/low hormone levels) or toxic (excess hormone production).PathophysiologyDiffuse thyroid enlargement typically results from prolonged stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or TSH-like agents, commonly seen in hypothyroidism or iodine deficiency. In contrast, in hyperthyroid...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Efficacy and Safety of First-Line Palliative Chemotherapy with Fluorouracil Plus Leucovorin, Oxaliplatin, and Docetaxel (FLOT) in HER2-Negative Metastatic Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma: A Single-Institutional Real-World Experience from Eastern India.

South Asian journal of cancer·2025
Same author

A Rare Case of Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer Detected on 68Ga - DOTANOC Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT).

Cureus·2024
Same author

Gallium68-Labeled Fibroblast Activation Protein Inhibitor (68Ga-FAPI) PET/CT as an Alternative to Fluoro18-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT: Discussion in a Case of Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of Pancreas.

Cureus·2024
Same author

A Rare Case of Splenic Metastasis From Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix Detected on 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT.

Cureus·2023
Same author

Transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defect using Cocoon septal occluder: immediate and long-term results.

The Egyptian heart journal : (EHJ) : official bulletin of the Egyptian Society of Cardiology·2022
Same author

68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT Detects a Rare Case of Metastatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasm of the Gallbladder.

Clinical nuclear medicine·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter
04:09

Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter

Published on: September 20, 2024

Does thyroxine suppression therapy help to rationalize surgery in benign euthyroid nodules?

Sujata Mitra1, Mukesh Jha, Km Gandhi

  • 1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tata Main Hospital, Jamshedpur - 831 001, India.

Indian Journal of Nuclear Medicine : IJNM : the Official Journal of the Society of Nuclear Medicine, India
|December 29, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Thyroxine suppression effectively manages benign thyroid nodules, with a 76% response rate observed in a study. This medical approach can potentially avoid surgery for these common endocrine conditions.

Keywords:
Benigndiagnosisthyroid nodulethyroxine suppression

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter
04:09

Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter

Published on: September 20, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Nuclear Medicine

Background:

  • Nodular thyroid disease is a prevalent endocrine condition.
  • While most thyroid nodules are benign, 5-20% are neoplastic.
  • Differentiating benign from malignant nodules is crucial for appropriate treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of thyroxine suppression therapy for benign thyroid nodules.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study involving patients with thyroid nodules.
  • Diagnostic work-up included clinical evaluation, thyroid function tests, scintigraphy, and fine needle aspiration cytology.
  • Patients were categorized into toxic goiter, benign euthyroid nodule, and malignant nodule groups.

Main Results:

  • Benign euthyroid nodules were treated with thyroxine suppression.
  • A 76% response rate was observed in patients with benign euthyroid nodules treated with thyroxine suppression.
  • Surgical intervention was reserved for cases unresponsive to thyroxine suppression after 18 months.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroxine suppression is an effective management strategy for benign euthyroid thyroid nodules.
  • A significant majority of benign nodules responded to thyroxine suppression, potentially avoiding surgery.