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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
Diabetic Foot Ulcer01:31

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Definition A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic, non-healing wound that develops in individuals with diabetes. It typically occurs on pressure-bearing areas such as the heel, metatarsal heads, or hallux, and carries a high risk of infection and amputation.Pathophysiology • The development of DFUs can be explained by four interconnected mechanisms: neuropathy, ischemia, infection, and impaired wound healing. • Neuropathy is the most common factor. Sensory neuropathy reduces pain perception,...
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:26

Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Varicose veins, or varicosities, develop when the valves in the veins, which control blood flow, weaken or damage. It causes blood to pool and the veins to enlarge. Understanding the clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management options for varicose veins is crucial for effective treatment and relief.Clinical manifestationsClinical manifestations of varicose veins include a heavy, achy feeling or pain after prolonged standing or sitting. This discomfort can often be relieved by...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management

Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...

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Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach
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Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach

Published on: January 24, 2018

Surgical management and treatment algorithm for the subtle cavovarus foot.

Michael P Maskill1, John D Maskill, Gregory C Pomeroy

  • 1Orthopaedic Associates of Kalamazoo, 3810 Centre Avenue, Portage, MI 49024, USA. mmaskill2@yahoo.com

Foot & Ankle International
|December 30, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Surgical correction of subtle cavovarus foot effectively resolves pain and disability. This treatment algorithm offers long-term correction and high patient satisfaction, improving foot function.

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An Anatomical Study of Nerves at Risk During Minimally Invasive Hallux Valgus Surgery
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Published on: February 17, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Foot and Ankle Reconstruction
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Subtle cavovarus foot can cause significant pain and functional disability.
  • A defined treatment algorithm was developed to address this condition.
  • Medium-term follow-up results of this algorithm are presented.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of a surgical treatment algorithm for subtle cavovarus foot.
  • To assess medium-term outcomes including pain relief, functional improvement, and patient satisfaction.
  • To analyze radiographic and clinical results following surgical intervention.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty-five patients with congenital subtle cavovarus foot underwent surgical correction.
  • Procedures included calcaneus osteotomy, tendon transfer, metatarsal osteotomy, and Achilles tendon lengthening.
  • Twenty-three patients (29 feet) were available for medium-term follow-up (mean 4.4 years).

Main Results:

  • The mean AOFAS ankle hindfoot score improved from 45 preoperatively to 90 postoperatively.
  • Radiographic parameters showed correction of foot alignment.
  • No nonunions or need for fusions/revisions were observed; 34% required hardware removal with symptom resolution.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed surgical treatment algorithm provides effective symptomatic relief for subtle cavovarus foot.
  • The approach leads to long-standing correction and high patient satisfaction.
  • Surgical management is a viable option for correcting subtle cavovarus foot deformities.