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Related Concept Videos

Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...
Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions01:20

Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions

Arenediazonium substitution reactions occur when the diazonium group is substituted by various functional groups such as halides, hydroxyl, nitrile, etc. For instance, arenediazonium salts react with copper(I) salts of chloride, bromide, or cyanide to form corresponding aryl chlorides, bromides, and nitriles. These reactions are named Sandmeyer reactions. Although the mechanism of this reaction is complicated, as illustrated in Figure 1, they are believed to progress via an aryl copper...
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature02:54

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

[(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst
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[(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst

Published on: May 21, 2019

Halide and nitrite recognizing hexanuclear metallacycle copper(II) pyrazolates.

Ahmed A Mohamed1, Simone Ricci, Alfredo Burini

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, USA.

Inorganic Chemistry
|December 31, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New hexanuclear copper complexes featuring halide or nitrite anions at their core were synthesized. These anion-centered copper complexes exhibit unique structures and anion-sensitive NMR properties, enabling anion exchange studies.

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Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides
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Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides

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Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
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Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

Published on: July 30, 2017

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[(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst
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[(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst

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Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides
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Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
19:58

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

Published on: July 30, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Copper pyrazolate complexes are versatile building blocks in coordination chemistry.
  • Understanding the structural and electronic properties of polynuclear copper complexes is crucial for developing new functional materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel hexanuclear anionic copper(II) pyrazolate complexes centered by halide or nitrite anions.
  • To investigate the structural features and anion-binding modes within these hexanuclear cavities.
  • To explore the influence of the central anion on the spectroscopic properties of the complexes.

Main Methods:

  • Redox reaction of a trinuclear copper(I) precursor with halide sources or nitrite salts.
  • Isolation and purification of hexanuclear copper(II) complexes.
  • X-ray crystallography for structural elucidation.
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (¹H and ¹⁹F) for characterization and anion-sensing studies.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized halide-centered ([trans-Cu(6)((3,5-CF(3))(2)pz)(6)(OH)(6)X](-), X = Cl, Br, I) and nitrite-centered ([trans-Cu(6)((3,5-CF(3))(2)pz)(6)(OH)(6)(NO(2))](-)) hexanuclear copper(II) pyrazolate complexes.
  • X-ray structures revealed a central anion coordinated in a μ(6)-fashion within the hexanuclear cavity.
  • NMR spectroscopy demonstrated sensitivity to the encapsulated anion, allowing for the observation of anion exchange.

Conclusions:

  • The study presents a novel class of anion-centered hexanuclear copper(II) pyrazolate complexes.
  • The structural and spectroscopic data highlight the importance of the central anion in defining the properties of these complexes.
  • The observed anion-sensitivity in NMR opens possibilities for using these complexes as anion sensors.