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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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Published on: September 12, 2011

Changes of brain structure and function in ADHD children.

Ming-guo Qiu1, Zhang Ye, Qi-yu Li

  • 1Department of Medical Informatics and Medical Image, College of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Imaging, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China. qiumingguo@yahoo.com

Brain Topography
|December 31, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is linked to reduced white matter volume and cortical thinning in key brain regions. These structural and functional brain connectivity changes may underlie ADHD pathophysiology.

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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
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Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol
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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
10:02

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Published on: March 12, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder.
  • Understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of ADHD is crucial for developing effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate alterations in brain structure and function in individuals with ADHD, specifically the inattentive subtype.
  • To identify specific brain regions and networks affected by ADHD.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a multimodal neuroimaging approach combining structural MRI, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and resting-state functional MRI (fMRI).
  • Compared brain structure and function in 15 ADHD patients (inattentive subtype) with 15 healthy controls.

Main Results:

  • ADHD patients exhibited significantly reduced white matter volume and a trend toward decreased volume in other brain structures.
  • Focal cortical thinning was observed in frontal regions and the right cingulate cortex.
  • DTI revealed significantly decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) in white matter tracts, including the forceps minor and internal capsule.
  • fMRI showed altered functional connectivity within the default mode network, with decreased connectivity in regions like the anterior cingulate cortex and increased connectivity in the posterior medial frontal cortex.

Conclusions:

  • ADHD is associated with widespread alterations in brain structure, including reduced white matter volume and cortical thinning.
  • Disruptions in both structural and functional brain connectivity, particularly within fronto-limbic networks, are implicated in the pathophysiology of ADHD.
  • These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of ADHD's neurobiological basis.