Fabrication and evaluation of ZnO nanorods by liquid-phase deposition

The ZnO nanorod growth mechanism during liquid-phase deposition (LPD) has been investigated, with results considered in the context of phase stabilization, LPD chemical processes, and Gibbs free energy and entropy. Zinc oxide (ZnO) possesses unique optical and electronic properties, and obtaining ZnO species with high specific surface area is important in ZnO applications. Highly c-axis-oriented ZnO films are expected to be utilized in future optical and electrical devices. ZnO nanorods were synthesized using an aqueous solution deposition technique on a glass substrate with a free-standing ZnO nanoparticle layer. ZnO nanorod growth was easily controlled on the nanoscale by adjustment of the immersion time (15-210 min). X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and film thickness measurements were used to characterize the crystalline phase, orientation, morphology, microstructure, and growth mechanism of the ZnO nanorods. FE-SEM images were analyzed by image processing software, which revealed details of the of ZnO nanorod growth mechanism.