Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 5, 2026

External Cephalic Version: Is it an Effective and Safe Procedure?
Published on: June 6, 2020
[Psychoprophylaxis and the rate of cesarean section]
Juana Oyuela-García1, Ricardo Jorge Hernández-Herrera
1Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia 23, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
Background:
The psychoprophylactic programs (PPP) have been widely used in women to face the fear-tension-pain cycle, reducing anxiety and pain during labour. The aim was to demonstrate if a PPP reduces the caesarean rate.
Methods:
300 low risk pregnant women were included; 100 in the PPP group and 200 in the control group. The PPP participants attended theory and practical sessions; they visited labor, delivery, recovery and hospitalization areas. Chi-square, Student's t test and odds ratio were applied.
Results:
Pregnancy ended by caesarean section in 35/100 of PPP group and in 99/200 (49.5%) in control group (p < 0.02, OR = 1.8, IC = 1.1-2.9). Maternal complications occurred in 13/100 in the PPP group, and 42/200 (21%) in control group (p = 0.09, RM = 0.56). The newborn (NB) complications were observed in 9/100 in PPP and 46/200 (23%) in control group (p < 0.02, OR = 0.33). In the PPP group, 70% assisted to three or more sessions. Hospital stance in control group, accumulated 17 days more in mothers and 171 days more in NB than in the PPP group.
Conclusions:
In PPP group observed a caesarean rate reduction with fewer maternal and perinatal complications.
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