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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

A Standardized Approach to Extra-Oral and Intra-Oral Digital Photography
06:49

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Published on: July 22, 2022

Smile esthetics from the layperson's perspective.

Nathan C Springer, Chan Chang, Henry W Fields

    American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics : Official Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, Its Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics
    |January 4, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Computer-based surveys reveal layperson preferences for smile aesthetics from a full-face view. While most smile variables were similar to lower-face views, ideal smile arc and buccal corridors differed significantly.

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    Area of Science:

    • Dentistry
    • Orthodontics
    • Facial Aesthetics

    Background:

    • Computer-based smile esthetic surveys offer precise variable control and continuous data.
    • Perception of smiles from different facial perspectives remains an area needing resolution.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantify ideal and acceptable smile variable values from a full-face perspective.
    • To compare these full-face judgments with existing lower-face data.

    Main Methods:

    • Ninety-six laypersons judged smile variables (e.g., smile arc, buccal corridor, gingival display) using adjustable image technology.
    • Variables were manipulated continuously on a computer monitor.
    • Data were analyzed for medians, reliability (Fleiss-Cohen kappa), and comparisons with lower-face views.

    Main Results:

    • Reliability was fair to moderate, with exceptions for buccal corridor limits.
    • Statistically significant differences (>1 mm) between full-face and lower-face views were found for ideal smile arc, ideal buccal corridor, maximum gingival display, midline discrepancy, and occlusal cant.
    • Laypersons preferred less gingival display, less buccal corridor, more midline discrepancy, and less occlusal cant from a full-face perspective.

    Conclusions:

    • Fair to moderate reliability was achieved, excluding buccal corridor limits.
    • Most variables showed no clinically significant differences compared to lower-face views.
    • A broad acceptable range exists for most variables, emphasizing the importance of ideal values in orthodontic treatment for optimal smile aesthetics.