Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Flashbulb Memory01:16

Flashbulb Memory

A flashbulb memory is a highly vivid and detailed memory, often linked to events of significant emotional impact. These memories stand out in contrast to everyday memories due to their clarity and the precision with which they are recalled. The strong emotions associated with the event act as a catalyst, ensuring that specific details, such as one's location, actions, and even peripheral elements, are etched into memory with remarkable accuracy. For example, many people can vividly recall where...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Diphtheria01:28

Diphtheria

Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Chronic HDV Infection Shows Higher HBsAg Isoform Levels than HBV Infection, Paralleling HDV Replicative Activity.

Viruses·2026
Same author

Best practices for screening, testing, diagnosing, and treating patients with hepatitis D (delta) virus based on global expert review and recent guidelines.

Antiviral therapy·2025
Same author

The Medical Impact of Hepatitis D Virus Infection in Natives and Immigrants: The Italian Paradigm.

Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver·2025
Same author

Liver transplantation for hepatitis D virus/hepatitis B virus coinfection in Italy: An intention-to-treat analysis of long-term outcomes.

American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons·2025
Same author

MiRNome Profiling of Circulating Extracellular Vesicles in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis D Undergoing Pegylated Interferon Alpha Treatment.

Journal of viral hepatitis·2024
Same author

Long-term outcome of hepatitis delta in different regions world-wide: Results of the Hepatitis Delta International Network.

Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Dried Blood Spots - Preparing and Processing for Use in Immunoassays and in Molecular Techniques
11:28

Dried Blood Spots - Preparing and Processing for Use in Immunoassays and in Molecular Techniques

Published on: March 13, 2015

HDV: thirty years later.

Antonina Smedile1, Mario Rizzetto

  • 1Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division; University of Torino, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Torino, Italy.

Digestive and Liver Disease : Official Journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver
|January 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is resurging in Europe due to international migration, despite past control efforts. This persistent viral hepatitis remains a significant global health concern, particularly in developing regions.

More Related Videos

Cloning and Large-Scale Production of High-Capacity Adenoviral Vectors Based on the Human Adenovirus Type 5
13:17

Cloning and Large-Scale Production of High-Capacity Adenoviral Vectors Based on the Human Adenovirus Type 5

Published on: January 28, 2016

Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays
13:58

Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays

Published on: September 26, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Dried Blood Spots - Preparing and Processing for Use in Immunoassays and in Molecular Techniques
11:28

Dried Blood Spots - Preparing and Processing for Use in Immunoassays and in Molecular Techniques

Published on: March 13, 2015

Cloning and Large-Scale Production of High-Capacity Adenoviral Vectors Based on the Human Adenovirus Type 5
13:17

Cloning and Large-Scale Production of High-Capacity Adenoviral Vectors Based on the Human Adenovirus Type 5

Published on: January 28, 2016

Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays
13:58

Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays

Published on: September 26, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Hepatitis D virus (HDV) emerged in the 1970s, causing a significant outbreak in the Mediterranean.
  • Control measures have reduced HDV prevalence in industrialized nations over the past two decades.
  • Despite a general decline, HDV has not been eradicated and new cases are emerging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the current epidemiological status of Hepatitis D.
  • To highlight the changing clinical patterns of HDV infection.
  • To underscore the ongoing public health challenge posed by HDV.

Main Methods:

  • Epidemiological surveillance data analysis.
  • Review of clinical case studies and trends.
  • Assessment of disease circulation in different global regions.

Main Results:

  • Hepatitis D outbreaks have been controlled in Europe and industrialized countries.
  • HDV circulation has plateaued in Europe in the last decade.
  • New cases are increasingly observed in migrants from endemic areas.
  • Hepatitis D remains prevalent in Asia, Africa, and South Africa.

Conclusions:

  • Hepatitis D continues to be a significant public health issue globally.
  • International migration is contributing to the re-emergence of HDV in non-endemic regions.
  • Continued vigilance and testing for HDV are crucial, especially in at-risk populations.