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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.01:25

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.

Understanding the variety of primary symptoms and systemic complications that characterize chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is crucial for healthcare professionals.
Symptoms of COPD can be classified as primary or systemic. Primary symptoms relate to reduced airflow, while systemic or extrapulmonary symptoms relate to COPD's broader impact on the body.
Primary Symptoms of COPD:
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

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Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
04:44

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

Lung involvement in systemic sclerosis.

Paul M Hassoun1

  • 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. phassoun@jhmi.edu

Presse Medicale (Paris, France : 1983)
|January 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scleroderma frequently causes lung complications like pulmonary arterial hypertension and interstitial lung disease, significantly reducing patient survival. Current treatments are ineffective, highlighting the need for better understanding and therapies for these severe conditions.

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Published on: September 20, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Pulmonology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Scleroderma is a multisystem disease with significant inflammation and fibrosis.
  • Lung involvement, including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and interstitial lung disease (ILD), is a major cause of death in scleroderma patients.
  • Combined PAH and ILD further decrease survival rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) in scleroderma.
  • To discuss other less common lung complications associated with scleroderma.
  • To emphasize the urgent need for improved understanding and treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and treatment options for lung complications in scleroderma.
  • Analysis of the impact of PAH and ILD on patient survival.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on the pathophysiology of scleroderma-related lung diseases.

Main Results:

  • Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) are frequent and severe complications of scleroderma.
  • Both conditions independently reduce survival, with combined presence leading to further mortality.
  • Existing therapies show limited efficacy in managing these lung complications.

Conclusions:

  • Scleroderma-associated lung diseases, particularly PAH and ILD, represent a critical unmet medical need.
  • Further research into the pathogenic mechanisms is essential for developing effective treatments.
  • Improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are crucial to enhance survival and quality of life for affected patients.