Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
Mechanism of Ciliary Motion01:05

Mechanism of Ciliary Motion

The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
The cilia are made up of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement, with nine microtubule doublet ring bundles, surrounding a pair of central singlet microtubule bundles. The doublet microtubule bundles are...
The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane01:28

The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

The inner mitochondrial membrane is the primary site of ATP synthesis. The inner membrane domain that forms a smooth layer adjacent to the outer membrane is called the inner boundary membrane. This domain contains membrane transporters that drive metabolites in and out of the mitochondria.  In contrast, the inner membrane network that invaginates into the matrix space is called the cristae membrane. This domain accounts for principle mitochondrial function as it accommodates the protein...
Energy to Drive Translocation01:37

Energy to Drive Translocation

Mitochondrial protein import is powered by two distinct energy sources: ATP hydrolysis and electrochemical potential across the inner membrane. Newly synthesized precursors are bound by cytosolic chaperones of the Hsp70 family, which guide them to the import receptors on the mitochondrial surface. Utilizing the energy of ATP hydrolysis, Hsp70 chaperones transfer these precursors to the TOM receptors on the mitochondrial outer membrane.
Generally, polypeptides are unfolded by two distinct...
Mitochondrial Protein Sorting01:39

Mitochondrial Protein Sorting

Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles of the eukaryotes involved in cellular metabolism, signaling, ATP synthesis, and programmed cell death.  Each of these processes requires specific proteins and enzymes that must be correctly sorted to the right mitochondrial subcompartment for the proper functioning of the organelle.
Most of these mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nucleus and imported to the mitochondria as unfolded or loosely folded precursors. Mitochondrial precursors...
Microtubule Instability02:17

Microtubule Instability

Microtubules are hollow cylindrical filaments having a diameter of approximately 25 nm and a length that varies from 200 nm to 25 μm. GTP-bound tubulin subunits form αβ-heterodimers for microtubule assembly. These core building blocks interact longitudinally, polymerizing into protofilaments. The protofilaments then interact with one another through lateral bonding forces to form stable cylindrical microtubules. These cylindrical filaments are dynamic as they undergo repeated assembly and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Episodic and semantic memory contributions to imagination and creativity.

Memory (Hove, England)·2026
Same author

Reducing type II error in fMRI analysis: cluster-extent threshold simulation results and an evaluation of current methods to correct for multiple comparisons.

Cognitive neuroscience·2026
Same author

Predictive coding of cognitive processes in natural and artificial systems.

Cognitive neuroscience·2025
Same author

Resting-State Functional Connectivity With the Anterior and Posterior Hippocampus: An Analysis of fMRI Data From the Human Connectome Project.

Hippocampus·2025
Same author

False memories activate distinct brain regions in females and males.

Neuroimage. Reports·2025
Same author

Are False Memory and Creative Thinking Mediated by Common Neural Substrates? An fMRI Meta-Analysis.

Creativity research journal·2025
Same journal

Dynorphinergic neuroadaptations in the islands of Calleja: implications for alcohol use disorder.

Neuroscience letters·2026
Same journal

Differential vulnerability of cochlear nuclei to Lmx1 deficiency: abnormal patterning and implications for auditory circuitry.

Neuroscience letters·2026
Same journal

Role of nNOS/sGC pathway in the insular cortex in control of cardiovascular, autonomic and corticosterone responses to restraint stress in rats.

Neuroscience letters·2026
Same journal

Jak1 inhibition reduces acute allodynia induced by specific upstream cytokines in rats: implications for the onset of Jak1 pain modulation.

Neuroscience letters·2026
Same journal

Glucocorticoids-induced depressive-like behaviors in mice: oral ingestion of corticosterone or hydrocortisone - A comparative study.

Neuroscience letters·2026
Same journal

Data-driven clustering of prefrontal activation identifies functional phenotypes under prioritized dual-task walking conditions in Parkinson's disease.

Neuroscience letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Analyzing Mitochondrial Transport and Morphology in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia
07:32

Analyzing Mitochondrial Transport and Morphology in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia

Published on: February 9, 2020

Disruption of MT impairs motion processing.

Preston P Thakral1, Scott D Slotnick

  • 1Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA. thakralp@bc.edu

Neuroscience Letters
|January 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study used fMRI-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to investigate the role of the MT sub-region in motion processing. Disrupting MT impaired motion detection, confirming its necessity for visual motion perception.

More Related Videos

An Improved Method to Isolate Mitochondrial Contact Sites
07:55

An Improved Method to Isolate Mitochondrial Contact Sites

Published on: June 16, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Analyzing Mitochondrial Transport and Morphology in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia
07:32

Analyzing Mitochondrial Transport and Morphology in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia

Published on: February 9, 2020

An Improved Method to Isolate Mitochondrial Contact Sites
07:55

An Improved Method to Isolate Mitochondrial Contact Sites

Published on: June 16, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) implicates cortical region MT+ in motion processing.
  • MT+, a sub-region of MT, is known to process contralateral visual motion.
  • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has previously suggested MT+'s necessity for motion perception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if the MT sub-region is essential for motion processing.
  • To investigate the specific role of MT using fMRI-guided TMS.

Main Methods:

  • fMRI was used to localize MT in each participant's hemisphere.
  • 1 Hz TMS was applied to left MT to assess motion detection.
  • Single-pulse TMS was applied to MT to compare motion and color processing.

Main Results:

  • Disrupting left MT with TMS impaired motion detection in the contralateral visual field.
  • TMS of MT significantly impaired motion processing compared to color processing.

Conclusions:

  • Sub-region MT is necessary for visual motion processing.
  • These findings provide strong evidence for MT's critical role in perceiving motion.