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Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists01:18

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists

Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoactive peptides critical in the human body's various physiological and pathological processes. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves counteracting the effects of these endothelins using a class of drugs known as endothelin receptor antagonists.
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Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists

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Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

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Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
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Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is characterized by narrowed arteries that diminish blood flow to the extremities. Effective management of PAD requires an interprofessional approach involving various healthcare professionals. The critical aspects of interprofessional care for PAD patients focus on risk factor modification, drug therapy, exercise therapy, nutrition therapy, critical limb ischemia care, and interventional radiology and surgical procedures.The primary treatment goal for PAD...
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Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers

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Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Surgical Treatment for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP).
06:04

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Published on: March 6, 2018

Prostatic arterial embolization to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia.

João M Pisco1, Luis C Pinheiro, Tiago Bilhim

  • 1Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, New University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal. joao.pisco@chln.min-saude.pt

Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology : JVIR
|January 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Prostatic arterial embolization (PAE) is a feasible treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) symptoms. This minimally invasive procedure shows promise for symptom relief and prostate volume reduction without sexual dysfunction.

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Area of Science:

  • Interventional Urology
  • Vascular Interventional Radiology

Background:

  • Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition causing lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).
  • Medical treatments for BPH often fail, necessitating alternative interventions.
  • Prostatic arterial embolization (PAE) is an emerging minimally invasive treatment option.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the feasibility and preliminary outcomes of PAE for treating LUTS in patients with BPH.
  • To evaluate the impact of PAE on symptom scores, quality of life, and prostate volume.

Main Methods:

  • Fifteen male patients with symptomatic BPH refractory to medical treatment underwent PAE.
  • The procedure involved selective embolization of prostatic arteries using 200-μm polyvinyl alcohol particles via a unilateral femoral approach.
  • Technical success was defined as selective catheterization and embolization of at least one prostatic artery.

Main Results:

  • PAE was technically successful in 93.3% of patients (14/15).
  • Significant improvements were observed in International Prostate Symptom Score (P=.005) and peak urinary flow rate (P=.015).
  • Mean prostate volume decreased significantly (P=.0001 by ultrasound, P=.008 by MRI), with no significant impact on erectile function.

Conclusions:

  • PAE is a feasible procedure for managing symptomatic BPH in selected patients.
  • Preliminary short-term results indicate good symptom control and prostate volume reduction.
  • PAE offers a potential treatment option without causing sexual dysfunction.