Graves' ophthalmopathy after total thyroidectomy for papillary carcinoma

We report the case of a 53-year-old woman who underwent two-phase total thyroidectomy (June and December 2001) for a multinodular goiter with incidental discovery at the first procedure of a multicentric papillary carcinoma of the right thyroid lobe. Thyroidectomy was followed by an ablative dose of 131-radioiodine because of the presence of residual tissue in the neck. The various elements of the follow-up are reassuring: no residual tissue was detected at the ultrasonography of the neck and thyroglobulin was undetectable in the absence of antithyroglobulin autoantibodies. In April 2006, the patient developed unilateral Graves' ophthalmopathy with the appearance of antithyrotropin receptor autoantibodies (TRAb). Ophthalmopathy progressively improved, in parallel to the decrease of TRAb. The parallel trend of TRAb and the ophthalmopathy supports the major role of TRAb in the pathogenesis of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. This observation also shows the possibility of developing autoantibodies in the absence of detectable thyroid tissue.