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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology01:24

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to structural...
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...

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Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Two Methods of Heterokaryon Formation to Discover HCV Restriction Factors
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Published on: July 16, 2012

Modulation of programmed cell death pathways by the hepatitis C virus.

Jude Juventus Aweya1, Yee-Joo Tan

  • 1Collaborative Anti-Viral Research Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore.

Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition)
|January 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) proteins modulate programmed cell death pathways. Research using cell culture systems reveals how HCV replication impacts apoptosis and other cell death mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Cell Biology
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of non-A, non-B hepatitis globally.
  • The HCV genome encodes a polyprotein processed into viral proteins that can affect host cell death.
  • Understanding HCV's impact on cell death is crucial for developing antiviral strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on how Hepatitis C virus modulates programmed cell death pathways.
  • To review findings from replicon and recombinant HCV cell culture systems regarding cell death modulation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on HCV and programmed cell death.
  • Analysis of studies utilizing HCV replicon systems.
  • Examination of research employing recombinant HCV cell culture models.

Main Results:

  • HCV viral proteins are implicated in modulating various cell death mechanisms.
  • HCV replication within cell culture systems significantly influences programmed cell death pathways.
  • Specific viral proteins and their roles in apoptosis modulation have been identified.

Conclusions:

  • Hepatitis C virus actively manipulates host cell death pathways.
  • Cell culture systems provide valuable insights into HCV-induced cell death modulation.
  • Further research into these mechanisms may reveal novel therapeutic targets.