Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity

The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
Understanding Sleep01:11

Understanding Sleep

Sleep, an essential biological state, involves significant reductions in physical activity, sensory awareness, and interaction with the environment. This complex physiological process is primarily regulated by specific brain regions, notably the hypothalamus and pons, which govern the sleep-wake cycle or circadian rhythm.
The circadian rhythm, a nearly 24-hour cycle, is deeply influenced by environmental light cues. Light exposure directly affects the hypothalamus, which in turn regulates...
Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation01:13

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation

Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
Sleep deprivation is a more severe form of sleep loss...
What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

Overview

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mechanisms linking sleep, innate immunity, and neuroinflammation.

Brain, behavior, and immunity·2026
Same author

Acute administration of a dual orexin receptor antagonist attenuates sleep fragmentation in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury.

Neuroscience·2025
Same author

Local and niche-adapted sleep regulatory mechanisms encompass the holobiont condition.

Sleep medicine reviews·2025
Same author

Bacterial peptidoglycan levels have brain area, time of day, and sleep loss-induced fluctuations.

Frontiers in neuroscience·2025
Same author

Innate immune mechanisms of infection: what we know and potential conserved mechanisms affecting sleep during infection.

Neurobiology of sleep and circadian rhythms·2025
Same author

Sleep loss-induced oncogenic pathways are mediated via the neuron-specific interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (AcPb).

Brain, behavior, and immunity·2024
Same journal

Correction: Jaramillo-Valverde <i>et al</i>. Exploratory Study on Genetic Variants Related to Hydatidosis Susceptibility and Albendazole Pharmacogenetics in the Cusco Region in Peru. 2025; 17(3): 40566.

Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition)·2026
Same journal

Sex-Dependent Association of <i>SMAD3</i> Gene Polymorphisms With Asthma and Allergy Risk in Russian Children.

Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition)·2026
Same journal

The Role of the Microbiome in the Development of an Autoimmune Reaction in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition)·2026
Same journal

Genomic Analysis Revealed Hotspots of Genetic Adaptation and Risk of Disappearance in Brazilian Goat Populations.

Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition)·2026
Same journal

Circulating MicroRNAs and Clinical Parameters in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review and Correlation Meta-Analysis.

Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition)·2026
Same journal

Looking at Optic Nerve Sheath Meningiomas Through Genetics-From Clinic to Bench and Back Again.

Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Quantitative Measurement of the Immune Response and Sleep in Drosophila
12:16

Quantitative Measurement of the Immune Response and Sleep in Drosophila

Published on: December 4, 2012

Sleep and innate immunity.

Mark R Zielinski1, James M Krueger

  • 1Sleep and Performance Research Center, Department of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6520, USA.

Frontiers in Bioscience (Scholar Edition)
|January 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Inflammation, driven by molecules like interleukin-1 beta, promotes sleep, while sleep deprivation boosts these inflammatory signals. Immune system pathways and extracellular ATP are key to understanding sleep regulation during illness.

More Related Videos

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood
08:20

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood

Published on: October 2, 2019

Establishing a Device for Sleep Deprivation in Mice
05:05

Establishing a Device for Sleep Deprivation in Mice

Published on: September 22, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Quantitative Measurement of the Immune Response and Sleep in Drosophila
12:16

Quantitative Measurement of the Immune Response and Sleep in Drosophila

Published on: December 4, 2012

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood
08:20

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood

Published on: October 2, 2019

Establishing a Device for Sleep Deprivation in Mice
05:05

Establishing a Device for Sleep Deprivation in Mice

Published on: September 22, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Neuroscience
  • Sleep Science

Background:

  • Pro-inflammatory molecules (e.g., interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha) are somnogenic.
  • Anti-inflammatory molecules generally inhibit sleep.
  • Sleep loss exacerbates the release of sleep-regulatory pro-inflammatory molecules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review inflammatory mechanisms of the innate immune system that regulate sleep.
  • To discuss sleep-immune interactions in general health and pathologies.
  • To explore the role of extracellular ATP in sleep initiation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and conceptual synthesis.
  • Analysis of inflammatory pathways in sleep regulation.
  • Examination of sleep-immune interactions in pathological conditions.

Main Results:

  • Inflammatory mediators are central to sleep changes during pathologies.
  • Sleep loss amplifies pro-inflammatory, somnogenic molecule production.
  • Extracellular ATP plays a critical role in initiating sleep.

Conclusions:

  • The innate immune system's inflammatory mechanisms are integral to sleep regulation.
  • Sleep and immune function are bidirectionally linked, especially during disease.
  • Extracellular ATP is a key signaling molecule in sleep initiation.