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Related Concept Videos

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems01:18

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) enable the controlled release of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They are particularly advantageous for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices, as they maintain consistent plasma concentrations and reduce the risk of subtherapeutic or toxic levels.TDDS are categorized into monolithic, reservoir, and mixed systems. Monolithic systems embed the drug in a polymer matrix, where diffusion governs release. Reservoir systems...
Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems01:21

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
Menopause01:28

Menopause

Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
Hormonal Regulation01:40

Hormonal Regulation

Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.

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Vascular risk at menopause: The importance of a cardio-gynecological program.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
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[A French exception. Transdermal postmenopausal hormone therapy].

Geneviève Plu-Bureau1

  • 1Unité de gynécologie endocrinienne, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, AP-HP, 75004 Paris. genevieve.plu-bureau@htd.aphp.fr

La Revue Du Praticien
|January 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Transdermal estrogen therapy offers a favorable risk-benefit balance for managing menopausal symptoms like hot flashes and preventing osteoporosis. This route shows better tolerance and safety compared to oral estrogens, particularly regarding venous thrombosis risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology
  • Oncology

Context:

  • Estrogen therapy remains a primary treatment for menopausal symptoms, including hot flashes and osteoporosis prevention.
  • Previous concerns regarding hormone replacement therapy (HRT) risks, highlighted by the Women's Health Initiative, have prompted re-evaluation of administration routes.
  • Emerging epidemiological data focus on the safety and efficacy of transdermal estrogen administration.

Purpose:

  • To evaluate the risk-benefit profile of transdermal estrogen therapy in managing menopausal symptoms and preventing osteoporosis.
  • To compare the safety and tolerance of transdermal estrogen administration versus other routes, particularly concerning cardiovascular and oncological risks.
  • To assess the current evidence supporting transdermal estrogen therapy for short-term use in postmenopausal women.

Summary:

  • Transdermal estrogen therapy demonstrates effectiveness in treating hot flashes and preventing osteoporosis.
  • Epidemiological studies suggest improved tolerance and a favorable venous thrombosis risk profile for transdermal estrogens compared to oral routes.
  • While breast cancer and arterial risks are not altered by administration route, transdermal estrogen shows promising results in reducing colorectal cancer risk.

Impact:

  • Provides crucial data for assessing the short-term risk-benefit balance of transdermal estrogen therapy.
  • Supports the consideration of transdermal estrogen as a potentially safer alternative for menopausal symptom management.
  • Informs clinical decision-making regarding hormone therapy choices for postmenopausal women.