Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction01:26

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the syndrome.Exogenous...
Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
Physiological Foundation of Stress01:24

Physiological Foundation of Stress

Stress triggers a coordinated physiological response involving the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This dual activation ensures that the body is prepared for both immediate and prolonged stress management. The process begins with the perception of a stressor. This initial phase activates the SNS, leading to the rapid release of adrenaline (epinephrine) from the adrenal glands.
Role of the Sympathetic Nervous System
Adrenaline triggers the...
Stress Concentrations01:24

Stress Concentrations

Stress concentration is when stress intensifies near discontinuities such as holes or abrupt cross-sectional changes in a structural member. This localized stress can often surpass the average stress within the member. The stress distribution in flat bars, either with a circular hole or varying widths connected by fillets, can be determined experimentally using a photoelastic method. The results are based on ratios of geometric parameters like the ratio of the hole's radius to the smaller width...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Performance of a Portable Sleep Monitoring Device in Individuals with High Versus Low Sleep Efficiency.

Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine·2015
Same author

Improvements in gait speed and weight shift of persons with traumatic brain injury and vestibular dysfunction using a virtual reality computer-assisted rehabilitation environment.

Military medicine·2015
Same author

Cortisol stimulates proliferation and apoptosis in the late gestation fetal heart: differential effects of mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors.

American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology·2013
Same author

Strength through science: using virtual technology to advance the warfighter.

Aviation, space, and environmental medicine·2013
Same author

Assessment of cognitive function while on low-dose propranolol: implications for usage by survivors in a disabled submarine.

Military medicine·2012
Same author

Propranolol's potential to increase survival time in a disabled submarine.

Aviation, space, and environmental medicine·2012

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Cortisol Measurement in Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) Fur
09:11

Cortisol Measurement in Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) Fur

Published on: August 23, 2019

Hypercortisolism as a potential concern for submariners.

Seth A Reini1

  • 1Warfighter Performance Department, Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory, Groton, CT. 06349-5900, USA. seth.reini@med.navy.mil

Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
|January 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Hypercortisolism, or chronically high cortisol, is often undiagnosed and linked to health issues. Submariners may be vulnerable due to chronic stress and sleep deprivation, requiring preventative strategies.

More Related Videos

Cortisol Extraction from Sturgeon Fin and Jawbone Matrices
06:01

Cortisol Extraction from Sturgeon Fin and Jawbone Matrices

Published on: September 10, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Cortisol Measurement in Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) Fur
09:11

Cortisol Measurement in Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) Fur

Published on: August 23, 2019

Cortisol Extraction from Sturgeon Fin and Jawbone Matrices
06:01

Cortisol Extraction from Sturgeon Fin and Jawbone Matrices

Published on: September 10, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Occupational Health
  • Stress Physiology

Background:

  • Cortisol is a vital stress hormone for acute survival.
  • Hypercortisolism involves persistently elevated cortisol levels.
  • This condition is frequently undiagnosed and contributes to various health problems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the causes and health impacts of hypercortisolism.
  • To assess the risk of hypercortisolism in submarine personnel.
  • To outline strategies for cortisol management and risk mitigation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on hypercortisolism etiology and consequences.
  • Analysis of stressors relevant to submarine environments.
  • Synthesis of preventative and mitigating health strategies.

Main Results:

  • Hypercortisolism is associated with metabolic syndrome, reduced bone density, and depression.
  • Chronic stress and sleep deprivation are key contributors.
  • Submariners face unique occupational stressors increasing vulnerability.

Conclusions:

  • Hypercortisolism poses significant health risks, particularly in high-stress occupations like submarining.
  • Early identification and management are crucial.
  • Implementing targeted interventions can mitigate health risks.