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Updated: Jun 5, 2026

A Simple Approach to Perform TEER Measurements Using a Self-Made Volt-Amperemeter with Programmable Output Frequency
Published on: October 5, 2019
Note: Direct sensor resistance-to-frequency conversion with generalized impedance converter
D Ramírez Muñoz1, J Sánchez Moreno, S Casans Berga
1Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Valencia, C∕ Doctor Moliner, 50, 46100-Burjassot, Spain. diego.ramirez@uv.es
Abstract:
In this note a squared output signal is generated from an astable circuit. Its frequency has a linear dependence on the resistance value of a resistive temperature sensor. The main circuit to obtain this direct relationship is the generalized impedance converter configured as a capacitor controlled by a sensor resistance. The proposed measurement method allows a direct analog-to-digital interface of information involved in resistive sensors. The converter finds applications in portable low voltage and low power design of instrumentation electronic systems.
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