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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Behavioral Tasks for Examining Identity Recognition In Mice
06:58

Behavioral Tasks for Examining Identity Recognition In Mice

Published on: February 7, 2025

Sex-specific norms code face identity.

Gillian Rhodes1, Emma Jaquet, Linda Jeffery

  • 1FaceLab, School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia. gill@psy.uwa.edu.au

Journal of Vision
|January 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human face perception relies on specific norms. This study found that individuals use sex-specific average faces, not a single androgynous norm, to code facial identity, enhancing discrimination efficiency.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Vision Science

Background:

  • Face identity aftereffects suggest an experience-updated average face serves as a norm for identity coding.
  • Sex-contingent aftereffects imply separate norms for male and female faces, but their role in identity coding is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether sex-specific norms or a generic androgynous norm is used for coding male and female face identities.
  • To determine the psychological norm used in face identity processing.

Main Methods:

  • Measured identity aftereffects using adapt-test pairs.
  • Compared aftereffects for pairs opposite a sex-specific average versus an androgynous average.
  • Analyzed aftereffect magnitude as an indicator of the psychological norm.

Main Results:

  • Identity aftereffects were significantly larger for adapt-test pairs opposite a sex-specific average compared to an androgynous average.
  • This finding remained robust after correcting for test trajectory length differences.

Conclusions:

  • Identity is coded using sex-specific norms, not a single androgynous norm.
  • Category-specific norms likely enhance coding efficiency and the ability to discriminate numerous faces.